- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $51,558
- Overtime
- $504
- Other pay
- $463
- Benefits
- $10,644
- Total compensation
- $63,169
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 353030343035
- Row ID
- 2535303034303561358-0FT
Adrian Hardiman is a Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $63,169. Union affiliation: 03.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $51,794
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $582
- Benefits
- $10,725
- Total compensation
- $63,101
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 383730393932
- Row ID
- 2538373039393264310-0FT
Stephanie Rowman works as a Animal Care Technician for Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. Stephanie earned $63,101 in 2025. Union affiliation: 04.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $51,926
- Overtime
- $4,573
- Other pay
- $4,511
- Benefits
- $762
- Total compensation
- $61,772
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4323-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 383330303135
- Row ID
- 2538333030313564323-0FT
Cisco Leon works as a Animal Care Technician for Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. Cisco earned $61,772 in 2025. They are represented by 04.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $49,974
- Overtime
- $299
- Other pay
- $1,000
- Benefits
- $10,315
- Total compensation
- $61,588
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 393037383035
- Row ID
- 2539303738303564310-0FT
At Animal Services, Tykishia Norwood serves as a Animal Care Technician within Equipment Operation and Labor. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $61,588. They are represented by 04.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $50,912
- Overtime
- $166
- Other pay
- $53
- Benefits
- $10,322
- Total compensation
- $61,453
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 383138333035
- Row ID
- 2538313833303561358-0FT
Shakkedria Williams Richards is a Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $61,453. They are represented by 03.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $49,614
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $1,192
- Benefits
- $10,315
- Total compensation
- $61,122
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4323-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 393330303135
- Row ID
- 2539333030313564323-0FT
Mia Schulman holds the role of Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $61,122. Their bargaining unit is 04.
Daniel HoAdministrative Clerk/Animal Services
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $49,236
- Overtime
- $89
- Other pay
- $1,064
- Benefits
- $10,308
- Total compensation
- $60,698
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 323031313135
- Row ID
- 2532303131313561358-0FT
At Animal Services, Daniel Ho serves as a Administrative Clerk within Clerical. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $60,698. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $52,100
- Overtime
- $1,260
- Other pay
- $1,777
- Benefits
- $725
- Total compensation
- $55,861
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 333330303135
- Row ID
- 2533333030313564310-0FT
At Animal Services, Destiny Prieto serves as a Animal Care Technician within Equipment Operation and Labor. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $55,861. Their bargaining unit is 04.
- Sub-department
- SAFETY / SECURITY
- Base pay
- $46,218
- Overtime
- $205
- Other pay
- $933
- Benefits
- $8,042
- Total compensation
- $55,398
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 18
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4311-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 383737333134
- Row ID
- 2538373733313464311-0FT
Vanessa Flores is a Animal Control Officer at Animal Services within Safety / Security. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $55,398. Their bargaining unit is 18.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $41,899
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $392
- Benefits
- $12,928
- Total compensation
- $55,219
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 373336323035
- Row ID
- 2537333632303561358-0FT
At Animal Services, Priscilla Buelna serves as a Administrative Clerk within Clerical. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $55,219. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $48,968
- Overtime
- $2,032
- Other pay
- $3,344
- Benefits
- $396
- Total compensation
- $54,740
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 303137383035
- Row ID
- 2530313738303564310-0FT
Tanisha Rangel is a Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $54,740. Their bargaining unit is 04.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $44,587
- Overtime
- $4,744
- Other pay
- $4,234
- Benefits
- $856
- Total compensation
- $54,421
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 383135323232
- Row ID
- 2538313532323264310-0FT
Ricardo Sansur holds the role of Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $54,421. They are represented by 04.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $29,817
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,204
- Benefits
- $21,179
- Total compensation
- $54,199
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 3833393034
- Row ID
- 25383339303461358-0FT
Demetria Brown Lott works as a Administrative Clerk for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is full-time. Demetria earned $54,199 in 2025. Union affiliation: 03.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $34,445
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $928
- Benefits
- $16,923
- Total compensation
- $52,296
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4323-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 373034313035
- Row ID
- 2537303431303564323-0FT
Juan Moreno holds the role of Transitional Worker at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $52,296. Union affiliation: 04.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $39,662
- Overtime
- $112
- Other pay
- $919
- Benefits
- $10,649
- Total compensation
- $51,342
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 313733353733
- Row ID
- 2531373335373361358-0FT
Erika Ochoa is a Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $51,342. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $33,253
- Overtime
- $902
- Other pay
- $971
- Benefits
- $14,927
- Total compensation
- $50,054
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 3533323737
- Row ID
- 25353332373764310-0FT
Tikoa Carter is a Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $50,054. Their bargaining unit is 04.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $30,073
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $740
- Benefits
- $17,203
- Total compensation
- $48,016
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 343439333234
- Row ID
- 2534343933323464310-0FT
Gabrielle James holds the role of Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $48,016. Their bargaining unit is 04.
- Sub-department
- SUPERVISORY BLUE COLLAR
- Base pay
- $29,220
- Overtime
- $754
- Other pay
- $12,377
- Benefits
- $4,631
- Total compensation
- $46,982
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 12
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4313-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 3935383033
- Row ID
- 25393538303364313-0FT
Leslie Pizzati works as a Animal Care Technician Supervisor for Animal Services within Supervisory Blue Collar. Their status is full-time. Leslie earned $46,982 in 2025. Union affiliation: 12.
- Sub-department
- NA
- Base pay
- $29,592
- Overtime
- $1,322
- Other pay
- $3,882
- Benefits
- $10,987
- Total compensation
- $45,782
- Employment type
- Per Event
- Union / bargaining unit
- XX
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- XXXX-X
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 313633363533
- Row ID
- 253136333635336XXXX-XPV
Sergio Rios works as a Animal Care Technician for Animal Services within Na. Their status is per event. Sergio earned $45,782 in 2025. They are represented by XX.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $41,476
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $623
- Benefits
- $3,674
- Total compensation
- $45,773
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 363736373035
- Row ID
- 2536373637303561358-0PT
Olivia Mata works as a Na for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. Olivia earned $45,773 in 2025. They are represented by 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $39,374
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $878
- Benefits
- $4,315
- Total compensation
- $44,567
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- XXXX-X
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 303530323035
- Row ID
- 253035303230356XXXX-XFT
Nicole Fiscal works as a Na for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is full-time. Nicole earned $44,567 in 2025. Union affiliation: 03.
- Sub-department
- MDC
- Base pay
- $12,311
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,692
- Benefits
- $26,576
- Total compensation
- $42,579
- Middle name
- VICENTE
Source-specific fields
- Globalid
- 1c5637c4-3fd5-4995-b971-ca24e08ae455
- Grosspaylastpaycheck
- 2363.49
- Grossytd
- 28700.91
- Record ID
- 1,576
Jose Garcia works as a Veterinary Technician for Animal Services within Mdc. Jose earned $42,579 in 2025.
- Sub-department
- SAFETY / SECURITY
- Base pay
- $32,204
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $2,843
- Benefits
- $5,841
- Total compensation
- $40,888
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 18
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4311-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 3531353533
- Row ID
- 25353135353364311-0FT
Carlos Alarcon holds the role of Animal Control Officer at Animal Services within Safety / Security. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $40,888. Union affiliation: 18.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $31,252
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $370
- Benefits
- $8,016
- Total compensation
- $39,639
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 343431303933
- Row ID
- 2534343130393364310-0FT
Karen Martinez holds the role of Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $39,639. They are represented by 04.
- Sub-department
- ADMINISTRATIVE
- Base pay
- $36,078
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3
- Benefits
- $3,308
- Total compensation
- $39,389
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 01
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 2495-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 363233373135
- Row ID
- 2536323337313562495-0FT
At Animal Services, Bonnie Kleiger serves as a Volunteer Coordinator within Administrative. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $39,389. They are represented by 01.
- Sub-department
- EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND LABOR
- Base pay
- $26,487
- Overtime
- $2,710
- Other pay
- $1,286
- Benefits
- $6,193
- Total compensation
- $36,676
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 04
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 4310-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 383334353333
- Row ID
- 2538333435333364310-0FT
Keven Palencia is a Animal Care Technician at Animal Services within Equipment Operation and Labor. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $36,676. They are represented by 04.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $31,812
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $813
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $32,625
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 343530323035
- Row ID
- 2534353032303561358-0PT
Simajai Hill works as a Administrative Clerk for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. Simajai earned $32,625 in 2025. They are represented by 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $25,327
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $952
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $26,280
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 373835313035
- Row ID
- 2537383531303561358-0PT
Jael Jones holds the role of Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $26,280. Union affiliation: 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $23,243
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $727
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $23,970
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 323337333035
- Row ID
- 2532333733303561358-0PT
Mia Torres works as a Administrative Clerk for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. Mia earned $23,970 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $23,319
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $23,319
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 343033333135
- Row ID
- 2534303333313561358-0PT
Jacob Chilpa holds the role of Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $23,319. Union affiliation: 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $23,144
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $23,144
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 373033333135
- Row ID
- 2537303333313561358-0PT
Daniel Pantoja is a Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $23,144. They are represented by 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $19,462
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $833
- Benefits
- $2,590
- Total compensation
- $22,886
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 3039373036
- Row ID
- 25303937303661358-0FT
Carmen Moran De Muraoka works as a Administrative Clerk for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is full-time. Carmen earned $22,886 in 2025. Union affiliation: 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $21,603
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $650
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $22,254
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 333030343035
- Row ID
- 2533303034303561358-0PT
Madeline Viel is a Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $22,254. They are represented by 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $21,366
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $365
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $21,731
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 373534393035
- Row ID
- 2537353439303561358-0PT
Valerie Amezcua is a Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $21,731. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- NON-REPRESENTED - OTHER
- Base pay
- $21,172
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $21,172
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 00
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 0702-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 313134303832
- Row ID
- 2531313430383260702-0PT
Ceferino Edurese holds the role of Relief Animal Regulation Worker at Animal Services within Non-Represented - Other. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $21,172. They are represented by 00.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $18,375
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $2,763
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $21,138
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 343933373034
- Row ID
- 2534393337303461358-0PT
At Animal Services, Kathryn Tant serves as a Administrative Clerk within Clerical. They work part-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $21,138. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- TECHNICAL
- Base pay
- $17,440
- Overtime
- $443
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $2,240
- Total compensation
- $20,124
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 21
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 2369-0
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 303930383135
- Row ID
- 2530393038313562369-0FT
Samantha Morga works as a Veterinary Technician for Animal Services within Technical. Their status is full-time. Samantha earned $20,124 in 2025. They are represented by 21.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $17,076
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $17,076
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 343730363135
- Row ID
- 2534373036313561358-0PT
Genoviev Aviles holds the role of Administrative Clerk at Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $17,076. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- CLERICAL
- Base pay
- $15,874
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $618
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $16,493
- Employment type
- Part-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- 03
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- 1358-0
- Job Status
- Active
- Record Number
- 363336323035
- Row ID
- 2536333632303561358-0PT
Malaysia Johnson works as a Administrative Clerk for Animal Services within Clerical. Their status is part-time. Malaysia earned $16,493 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is 03.
- Sub-department
- NA
- Base pay
- $14,858
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $520
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $15,378
- Employment type
- Per Event
- Union / bargaining unit
- XX
Source-specific fields
- FMS Department Code
- 6
- Job Class Pay Grade
- XXXX-X
- Job Status
- Not active
- Record Number
- 383037383035
- Row ID
- 253830373830356XXXX-XPV
Hanifah Bilal works as a Administrative Clerk for Animal Services within Na. Their status is per event. Hanifah earned $15,378 in 2025. They are represented by XX.