GCGovComp.app

California / Air Resources Board

Agency file

Air Resources Board

Source file: California — State Employee Compensation (SCO Payroll Data Warehouse, CPRA) / ingested Jun 19, 2026

The Air Resources Board is a government agency that delivers public services and programs within its jurisdiction.

In 2023, this agency had 1,887 employees with median total compensation of $114,755; the highest distinct record was $270,793.

Year
2023
Employees
1,887
Median total
$114,755
Highest record
$270,793

What the records show

Compensation analytics

These summaries compare pay within the agency before listing individual records.

Salary distribution

$22$193,988+

How 2023 total compensation is spread across the 1,887 employees. Each bar is a pay range; taller bars mean more people earn in that range. The amber line marks the median ($114,755) — half earn less, half more. The far-right bar collects the highest earners.

Average pay composition

  • Base$101,087 (96%)
  • Overtime$159 (0%)
  • Other$3,623 (3%)
  • Benefits$0 (0%)

What an average paycheck here is made of — base salary versus overtime, other pay (bonuses, allowances), and benefits. A large overtime or other-pay share means take-home often exceeds base salary.

Pay percentiles

10th
25th
Median
75th
90th
$35,622
$69,904
$114,755
$136,813
$161,371

The pay ladder for this department. Someone at the 90th percentile earns $161,371 — more than 90% of the department; the 10th percentile earns $35,622. The shaded band is the middle half of employees (25th–75th percentile).

Largest job titles

The most common job titles in this department by headcount, with the median total compensation for each. Click a title to see everyone who holds it.

Record list

Employees

Highest-paid first / page 17

Prasanna Jayalath

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,449
Base pay
$130,124
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$325
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,449
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887050
Salary Total
$11,121
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,449

Prasanna Jayalath is a Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $130,449. Union affiliation: R09.

Ursula E Lai

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,391
Base pay
$129,635
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$756
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,391
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739203887028
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,391

At Air Resources Board, Ursula E Lai serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $130,391. They are represented by R09.

Kyle A Ochoa

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,362
Base pay
$125,013
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$5,349
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,362
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
KERN

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887024
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,362

Kyle A Ochoa works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Kyle earned $130,362 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Adam L Moreno

Air Resources Supervisor I/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,352
Base pay
$129,702
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,352
Union / bargaining unit
S09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$11,682
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6734503762020
Salary Total
$11,682
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,352

At Air Resources Board, Adam L Moreno serves as a Air Resources Supervisor I. Their 2023 pay totaled $130,352. They are represented by S09.

Feng-Chiao Su

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,194
Base pay
$128,286
Overtime
$1,258
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,194
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6733103887012
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,194

Feng-Chiao Su holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $130,194. They are represented by R09.

Yi-Chin Liu

Staff Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,176
Base pay
$129,576
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$600
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,176
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$11,448
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6737103875018
Salary Total
$11,448
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,176

Yi-Chin Liu works as a Staff Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Yi-Chin earned $130,176 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Jimmy P Steele

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,176
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$916
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,176
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6736103887089
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,176

Jimmy P Steele holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $130,176. They are represented by R09.

Kurt A Sanders

Information Technology Specialist I/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,068
Base pay
$117,161
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$12,907
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,068
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,932
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6738601402015
Salary Total
$9,932
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,068

Kurt A Sanders works as a Information Technology Specialist I for Air Resources Board. Kurt earned $130,068 in 2023. Union affiliation: R01.

Michele P Dunlop

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,052
Base pay
$129,402
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,052
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887003
Salary Total
$10,928
Time Base
PT
Total Pay
$130,052

At Air Resources Board, Michele P Dunlop serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $130,052. Union affiliation: R09.

Ivy G Osornio

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$130,015
Base pay
$129,365
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$130,015
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887101
Salary Total
$11,121
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$130,015

At Air Resources Board, Ivy G Osornio serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $130,015. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Shang Liu

Air Resources Engineer/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,962
Base pay
$124,511
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$5,451
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,962
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6733103735006
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,962

At Air Resources Board, Shang Liu serves as a Air Resources Engineer. Their 2023 pay totaled $129,962. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Subhasis Biswas

Air Resources Engineer/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,931
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,321
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,931
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739303735021
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,931

Subhasis Biswas works as a Air Resources Engineer for Air Resources Board. Subhasis earned $129,931 in 2023. They are represented by R09.

Carson A Liebler

Air Resources Engineer/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,923
Base pay
$124,451
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$5,472
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,923
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,761
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6737103735053
Salary Total
$10,761
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,923

Carson A Liebler is a Air Resources Engineer at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $129,923. Union affiliation: R09.

Stephanie B Hart

Staff Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,860
Base pay
$129,860
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,860
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$11,237
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739203875007
Salary Total
$11,237
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,860

Stephanie B Hart works as a Staff Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Stephanie earned $129,860 in 2023. Union affiliation: R09.

Grant T Harris

Staff Services Manager III/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,739
Base pay
$120,830
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$8,909
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,739
Union / bargaining unit
M01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,243
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6738104802003
Salary Total
$10,243
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,739

Grant T Harris works as a Staff Services Manager III for Air Resources Board. Grant earned $129,739 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is M01.

Linda Nguyen Wilson

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,466
Base pay
$123,771
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$5,695
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,466
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,778
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6734503887003
Salary Total
$9,878
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,466

At Air Resources Board, Linda Nguyen Wilson serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $129,466. Union affiliation: R09.

Ronnie B Cabanayan

Air Resources Engineer/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,419
Base pay
$124,021
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$5,398
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,419
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,597
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6736103735032
Salary Total
$10,597
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,419

Ronnie B Cabanayan holds the role of Air Resources Engineer at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,419. They are represented by R09.

John R Massetti

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,318
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$708
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,318
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6736103887017
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,318

John R Massetti works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. John earned $129,318 in 2023. They are represented by R09.

Heather Y Choi

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,290
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$680
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,290
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6736103887059
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,290

Heather Y Choi is a Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $129,290. Union affiliation: R09.

Mark J Schuy

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739103887016
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Mark J Schuy works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Mark earned $129,260 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Sarah J Szambelan

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6731103887010
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Sarah J Szambelan works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Sarah earned $129,260 in 2023. They are represented by R09.

Sidney R Bennett

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887073
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Sidney R Bennett is a Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $129,260. They are represented by R09.

Sherry L Bercu

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6732103887038
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Sherry L Bercu is a Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $129,260. They are represented by R09.

Verna M Brock

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887045
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Verna M Brock holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,260. Union affiliation: R09.

Hector A Castaneda

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6734003887020
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Hector A Castaneda works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Hector earned $129,260 in 2023. They are represented by R09.

Kirsten L Cayabyab

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$113,771
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$15,489
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6737103887030
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Kirsten L Cayabyab holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,260. They are represented by R09.

Brian B Cook

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6734503887030
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Brian B Cook holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,260. They are represented by R09.

Kathryn M George

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6735103887096
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Kathryn M George works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Kathryn earned $129,260 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Rebecca L Geyer

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6732103887050
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Rebecca L Geyer is a Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $129,260. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Supreet K Gill

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6732103887069
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

At Air Resources Board, Supreet K Gill serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $129,260. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Shannon R Hatcher

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739203887001
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Shannon R Hatcher works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Shannon earned $129,260 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Austin D Hicks

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6737103887028
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Austin D Hicks holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,260. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Andy Ho

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739303887023
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Andy Ho holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,260. Union affiliation: R09.

Nargis Jareen

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6733103887014
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Nargis Jareen works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Nargis earned $129,260 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Jing Fong J Lee

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6737103887078
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Jing Fong J Lee is a Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. 2023 total compensation came to $129,260. They are represented by R09.

Cody G Livingston

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6739203887034
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

At Air Resources Board, Cody G Livingston serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $129,260. They are represented by R09.

Reza G Lorestany

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6734503887043
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Reza G Lorestany works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Reza earned $129,260 in 2023. They are represented by R09.

Bianca J Marshall

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6736103887027
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Bianca J Marshall works as a Air Pollution Specialist for Air Resources Board. Bianca earned $129,260 in 2023. Union affiliation: R09.

Ily N Mason

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6732103887006
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

Ily N Mason holds the role of Air Pollution Specialist at Air Resources Board. In 2023, their total compensation was $129,260. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Meri M Miles

Air Pollution Specialist/Air Resources Board

2023 total comp
$129,260
Base pay
$128,610
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$129,260
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,903
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
6736103887024
Salary Total
$10,903
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$129,260

At Air Resources Board, Meri M Miles serves as a Air Pollution Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $129,260. Their bargaining unit is R09.