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California / Department of Public Health

Agency file

Department of Public Health

Source file: California — State Employee Compensation (SCO Payroll Data Warehouse, CPRA) / ingested Jun 19, 2026

The Department of Public Health oversees public health and medical services — disease prevention, clinics and hospitals, and health licensing and regulation.

In 2023, this agency had 4,865 employees with median total compensation of $87,794; the highest distinct record was $333,526.

Year
2023
Employees
4,865
Median total
$87,794
Highest record
$333,526

What the records show

Compensation analytics

These summaries compare pay within the agency before listing individual records.

Salary distribution

$0$175,243+

How 2023 total compensation is spread across the 4,865 employees. Each bar is a pay range; taller bars mean more people earn in that range. The amber line marks the median ($87,794) — half earn less, half more. The far-right bar collects the highest earners.

Average pay composition

  • Base$82,646 (96%)
  • Overtime$990 (1%)
  • Other$2,809 (3%)
  • Benefits$0 (0%)

What an average paycheck here is made of — base salary versus overtime, other pay (bonuses, allowances), and benefits. A large overtime or other-pay share means take-home often exceeds base salary.

Pay percentiles

10th
25th
Median
75th
90th
$32,960
$61,929
$87,794
$110,333
$127,301

The pay ladder for this department. Someone at the 90th percentile earns $127,301 — more than 90% of the department; the 10th percentile earns $32,960. The shaded band is the middle half of employees (25th–75th percentile).

Largest job titles

The most common job titles in this department by headcount, with the median total compensation for each. Click a title to see everyone who holds it.

Record list

Employees

Highest-paid first / page 121

Marcos E Simental

Staff Services Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,798
Base pay
$4,798
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,798
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,640
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808315157728
Salary Total
$3,640
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,798

Marcos E Simental holds the role of Staff Services Analyst at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $4,798. They are represented by R01.

Kasey R Martinez

Information Technology Specialist I/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,717
Base pay
$4,717
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,717
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,413
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801501402113
Salary Total
$7,413
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,717

Kasey R Martinez is a Information Technology Specialist I at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $4,717. Union affiliation: R01.

Amie A Sahagun

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,606
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$4,606
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,606
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
RIVERSIDE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,504
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808428011092
Salary Total
$8,704
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,606

Amie A Sahagun works as a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse for Department of Public Health. Amie earned $4,606 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R17.

Anastasia O Marshall

Staff Services Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,511
Base pay
$4,511
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,511
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
BUTTE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,726
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808645157703
Salary Total
$4,726
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,511

Anastasia O Marshall works as a Staff Services Analyst for Department of Public Health. Anastasia earned $4,511 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Deborah A Yocca

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,414
Base pay
$4,154
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$260
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,414
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
BUTTE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,476
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808648011077
Salary Total
$8,704
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,414

Deborah A Yocca holds the role of Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $4,414. They are represented by R17.

Kristine M Richards

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,352
Base pay
$4,352
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,352
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
SAN FRANCISCO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,476
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808518011082
Salary Total
$8,704
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,352

Kristine M Richards works as a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse for Department of Public Health. Kristine earned $4,352 in 2023. Union affiliation: R17.

Brendan V Chandar

Program Technician II/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,294
Base pay
$3,971
Overtime
$63
Other pay
$260
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,294
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SAN BERNARDINO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,373
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5802209928909
Salary Total
$2,361
Time Base
PT
Total Pay
$4,294

Brendan V Chandar holds the role of Program Technician II at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $4,294. They are represented by R04.

Sharee M Wilburn Grimes

Program Technician II/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,288
Base pay
$1,775
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$2,513
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,288
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
CONTRA COSTA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,022
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808529928013
Salary Total
$4,022
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,288

Sharee M Wilburn Grimes holds the role of Program Technician II at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $4,288. Their bargaining unit is R04.

Jessica S Schmitz

Health Program Manager II/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,281
Base pay
$4,281
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,281
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,219
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5803108428009
Salary Total
$9,419
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,281

Jessica S Schmitz is a Health Program Manager II at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $4,281. Union affiliation: S01.

Heather B Magee

Executive Assistant/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,249
Base pay
$4,249
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,249
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,249
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801501728001
Salary Total
$4,249
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,249

Heather B Magee holds the role of Executive Assistant at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $4,249. They are represented by R04.

Kayla E Sims

Office Technician (Typing)/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,088
Base pay
$3,828
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$260
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,088
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
CONTRA COSTA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,369
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5816401139001
Salary Total
$3,369
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,088

At Department of Public Health, Kayla E Sims serves as a Office Technician (Typing). Their 2023 pay totaled $4,088. Union affiliation: R04.

Myra D Orozco

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,070
Base pay
$4,070
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,070
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
ORANGE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,476
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808418011086
Salary Total
$8,954
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,070

Myra D Orozco is a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $4,070. Union affiliation: R17.

Lon H Santos

Program Technician II/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$4,030
Base pay
$4,030
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$4,030
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
RIVERSIDE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,474
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808429928022
Salary Total
$3,474
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$4,030

Lon H Santos holds the role of Program Technician II at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $4,030. They are represented by R04.

Laura Vu

Student Assistant/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,808
Base pay
$3,808
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,808
Union / bargaining unit
E
Work county
SANTA CLARA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,412
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808544870901
Salary Total
$20
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$3,808

Laura Vu works as a Student Assistant for Department of Public Health. Laura earned $3,808 in 2023. They are represented by E.

John M Stawiecki

Graphic Designer I/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,781
Base pay
$3,781
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,781
Union / bargaining unit
R14
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,378
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5800202884001
Salary Total
$4,378
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,781

John M Stawiecki holds the role of Graphic Designer I at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,781. They are represented by R14.

Randeep S Dhanda

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,665
Base pay
$3,665
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,665
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
SAN JOAQUIN

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,759
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808838011020
Salary Total
$8,959
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,665

At Department of Public Health, Randeep S Dhanda serves as a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse. Their 2023 pay totaled $3,665. Their bargaining unit is R17.

Albertha Marie Richardson

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,665
Base pay
$3,665
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,665
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
CONTRA COSTA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,759
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808528011121
Salary Total
$8,959
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,665

Albertha Marie Richardson is a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $3,665. Union affiliation: R17.

Sinazia U Martin

Office Technician (Typing)/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,637
Base pay
$3,537
Overtime
$20
Other pay
$80
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,637
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,825
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801201139713
Salary Total
$1,913
Time Base
PT
Total Pay
$3,637

Sinazia U Martin holds the role of Office Technician (Typing) at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,637. They are represented by R04.

Elsa L Martinez

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,630
Base pay
$3,630
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,630
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,504
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808318011901
Salary Total
$49
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$3,630

Elsa L Martinez holds the role of Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,630. Union affiliation: R17.

Nora Y Wang

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,561
Base pay
$3,561
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,561
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
SAN FRANCISCO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,476
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808518011070
Salary Total
$8,704
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,561

Nora Y Wang works as a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse for Department of Public Health. Nora earned $3,561 in 2023. Union affiliation: R17.

Colleen K Newby

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,509
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,509
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,509
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
FRESNO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,759
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808538011052
Salary Total
$8,959
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,509

Colleen K Newby holds the role of Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,509. Their bargaining unit is R17.

Alexandria U Perez

Student Assistant/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,449
Base pay
$3,449
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,449
Union / bargaining unit
E
Work county
CONTRA COSTA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$2,982
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808524870901
Salary Total
$17
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$3,449

Alexandria U Perez holds the role of Student Assistant at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,449. They are represented by E.

Jessica C Lin

Health Program Specialist I/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,066
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,066
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,066
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,882
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5800358338010
Salary Total
$6,882
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,066

Jessica C Lin works as a Health Program Specialist I for Department of Public Health. Jessica earned $3,066 in 2023. Union affiliation: R01.

Samantha D Carter

Personnel Specialist/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,035
Base pay
$3,035
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,035
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,655
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801201303901
Salary Total
$33
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$3,035

Samantha D Carter holds the role of Personnel Specialist at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,035. They are represented by R01.

Jessica J Bali

Student Assistant/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,027
Base pay
$3,027
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,027
Union / bargaining unit
E
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,194
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801304870901
Salary Total
$18
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$3,027

Jessica J Bali holds the role of Student Assistant at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $3,027. They are represented by E.

Maura D Velez Alvarez

Staff Services Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$3,007
Base pay
$3,007
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$3,007
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,726
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5803455157730
Salary Total
$4,726
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$3,007

Maura D Velez Alvarez works as a Staff Services Analyst for Department of Public Health. Maura earned $3,007 in 2023. They are represented by R01.

Faryal Ashraf

Student Assistant/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$2,743
Base pay
$2,743
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$2,743
Union / bargaining unit
E
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$2,982
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801304870901
Salary Total
$17
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$2,743

Faryal Ashraf holds the role of Student Assistant at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $2,743. Their bargaining unit is E.

Samantha Bounma

Program Technician II/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$2,628
Base pay
$2,628
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$2,628
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,613
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5802209928063
Salary Total
$3,613
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$2,628

At Department of Public Health, Samantha Bounma serves as a Program Technician II. Their 2023 pay totaled $2,628. They are represented by R04.

Antoinette I Reed

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$2,590
Base pay
$2,590
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$2,590
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,907
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801205393901
Salary Total
$40
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$2,590

Antoinette I Reed is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $2,590. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Sheila Antony Raj

Information Technology Specialist I/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$2,511
Base pay
$2,511
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$2,511
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,139
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801511402102
Salary Total
$6,139
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$2,511

Sheila Antony Raj holds the role of Information Technology Specialist I at Department of Public Health. In 2023, their total compensation was $2,511. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Renee D Brown

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$2,325
Base pay
$2,325
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$2,325
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,684
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801305393746
Salary Total
$5,684
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$2,325

Renee D Brown is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $2,325. Union affiliation: R01.

Trina Ghosh

Program Technician II/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$2,211
Base pay
$2,211
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$2,211
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,474
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808219928013
Salary Total
$3,474
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$2,211

Trina Ghosh is a Program Technician II at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $2,211. Union affiliation: R04.

Alejandra Taylor

Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,583
Base pay
$1,583
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,583
Union / bargaining unit
R17
Work county
RIVERSIDE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,476
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808428011089
Salary Total
$8,704
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,583

Alejandra Taylor works as a Health Facilities Evaluator Nurse for Department of Public Health. Alejandra earned $1,583 in 2023. Union affiliation: R17.

Jonas S Bautista

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,293
Base pay
$1,293
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,293
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,114
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808265393728
Salary Total
$7,114
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,293

Jonas S Bautista works as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst for Department of Public Health. Jonas earned $1,293 in 2023. They are represented by R01.

Amna H Haslam

Senior Environmental Scientist(Specialist)/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,244
Base pay
$1,244
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,244
Union / bargaining unit
R10
Work county
CONTRA COSTA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,126
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5803530765002
Salary Total
$9,126
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$843

Amna H Haslam is a Senior Environmental Scientist(Specialist) at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $1,244. They are represented by R10.

Peter T Nguyen

Information Technology Associate/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,118
Base pay
$1,118
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,118
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,147
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5801541401002
Salary Total
$6,147
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,118

At Department of Public Health, Peter T Nguyen serves as a Information Technology Associate. Their 2023 pay totaled $1,118. They are represented by R01.

Moriah J Cenance

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,033
Base pay
$1,033
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,033
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,684
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808265393735
Salary Total
$5,684
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,033

Moriah J Cenance is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $1,033. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Justin E Fernandez

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,033
Base pay
$1,033
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,033
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,684
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5803705393002
Salary Total
$5,684
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,033

Justin E Fernandez is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Department of Public Health. 2023 total compensation came to $1,033. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Salvador Murillo

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,033
Base pay
$1,033
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,033
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,684
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5808265393738
Salary Total
$5,684
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,033

At Department of Public Health, Salvador Murillo serves as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst. Their 2023 pay totaled $1,033. They are represented by R01.

Steve Parra

Environmental Scientist/Department of Public Health

2023 total comp
$1,017
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,017
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$1,017
Union / bargaining unit
R10
Work county
ORANGE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,145
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
5806130762008
Salary Total
$4,145
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$1,017

At Department of Public Health, Steve Parra serves as a Environmental Scientist. Their 2023 pay totaled $1,017. Their bargaining unit is R10.