- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - CORCORAN
- Base pay
- $106,811
- Overtime
- $20,588
- Other pay
- $129,308
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $256,707
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- KINGS
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0842069662281
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $256,707
At CDCR, Leonard Epstein serves as a Correctional Officer within CA. State Prison - Corcoran. Their 2023 pay totaled $256,707. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREAT-CORCORA
- Base pay
- $122,976
- Overtime
- $81,626
- Other pay
- $51,084
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $255,686
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- KINGS
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 5872069662022
- Salary Total
- $9,647
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $255,686
Randy J Bettencourt is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within Substance Abuse Treat-Corcora. 2023 total compensation came to $255,686. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- PELICAN BAY STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $94,624
- Overtime
- $141,219
- Other pay
- $18,557
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $254,400
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- DEL NORTE
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,387
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 3942079662244
- Salary Total
- $8,387
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $254,400
At CDCR, Mark C Grogan serves as a Correctional Officer within Pelican Bay State Prison. Their 2023 pay totaled $254,400. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- PLEASANT VALLEY STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $110,281
- Overtime
- $46,222
- Other pay
- $97,733
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $254,236
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- FRESNO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 4352079662005
- Salary Total
- $9,647
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $254,236
At CDCR, Shane W Hall serves as a Correctional Officer within Pleasant Valley State Prison. Their 2023 pay totaled $254,236. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CORRECTIONAL TRAINING FACILIT
- Base pay
- $104,729
- Overtime
- $133,375
- Other pay
- $15,479
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $253,584
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MONTEREY
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 1012079662014
- Salary Total
- $8,875
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $253,584
At CDCR, Armando S Mendez serves as a Correctional Officer within Correctional Training Facilit. Their 2023 pay totaled $253,584. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - SOLANO
- Base pay
- $102,329
- Overtime
- $138,068
- Other pay
- $12,004
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $252,400
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SOLANO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 6742099662008
- Salary Total
- $8,675
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $252,400
Mario Guzman works as a Correctional Officer for CDCR within CA. State Prison - Solano. Mario earned $252,400 in 2023. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- AVENAL STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $111,539
- Overtime
- $46,453
- Other pay
- $94,177
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $252,168
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- KINGS
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0262029662247
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $252,168
At CDCR, Darwin D Howard serves as a Correctional Officer within Avenal State Prison. Their 2023 pay totaled $252,168. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CALIPATRIA STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $65,555
- Overtime
- $45,262
- Other pay
- $141,194
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $252,011
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- IMPERIAL
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 1782039662008
- Salary Total
- $9,647
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $252,011
At CDCR, Stephen P Hamby serves as a Correctional Officer within Calipatria State Prison. Their 2023 pay totaled $252,011. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CSP - LOS ANGELES COUNTY
- Base pay
- $107,320
- Overtime
- $133,391
- Other pay
- $10,874
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $251,586
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- LOS ANGELES
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,886
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0272079662410
- Salary Total
- $8,280
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $251,586
William R Contaldi is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within Csp - Los Angeles County. 2023 total compensation came to $251,586. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CSP - LOS ANGELES COUNTY
- Base pay
- $45,522
- Overtime
- $35,359
- Other pay
- $169,540
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $250,422
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- LOS ANGELES
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0272069662304
- Salary Total
- $9,747
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $250,422
At CDCR, Leslie I Ayon serves as a Correctional Officer within Csp - Los Angeles County. Their 2023 pay totaled $250,422. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. MEN'S COLONY
- Base pay
- $9,197
- Overtime
- $8,718
- Other pay
- $232,079
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $249,994
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SAN LUIS OBISPO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,422
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0562079662693
- Salary Total
- $9,197
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $249,994
At CDCR, Ibrahim Elsabbagh serves as a Correctional Officer within CA. Men's Colony. Their 2023 pay totaled $249,994. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- REHABILITATION CENTER
- Base pay
- $58,564
- Overtime
- $3,150
- Other pay
- $187,831
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $249,545
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- RIVERSIDE
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0792029662170
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $249,545
At CDCR, Samuel E Ridenour serves as a Correctional Officer within Rehabilitation Center. Their 2023 pay totaled $249,545. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - SACRAMENTO
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SACRAMENTO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $5,454
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 2842069662008
- Salary Total
- $5,645
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $94,124
This Correctional Officer record at CDCR for James A Roedel may represent several individuals, totaling $248,998 in 2023.
- Sub-department
- MULE CREEK STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $108,266
- Overtime
- $127,286
- Other pay
- $13,444
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $248,996
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- AMADOR
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0252049662069
- Salary Total
- $9,282
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $248,996
Kao F Saetern is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within Mule Creek State Prison. 2023 total compensation came to $248,996. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - CORCORAN
- Base pay
- $0
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $248,859
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $248,859
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- KINGS
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,422
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0842049662412
- Salary Total
- $9,180
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $248,859
At CDCR, Jason C Hensley serves as a Correctional Officer within CA. State Prison - Corcoran. Their 2023 pay totaled $248,859. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - SACRAMENTO
- Base pay
- $119,193
- Overtime
- $71,770
- Other pay
- $57,483
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $248,446
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SACRAMENTO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 2842019662052
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $248,446
At CDCR, Tim A Green serves as a Correctional Officer within CA. State Prison - Sacramento. Their 2023 pay totaled $248,446. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. MEN'S COLONY
- Base pay
- $113,258
- Overtime
- $54,287
- Other pay
- $80,504
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $248,050
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SAN LUIS OBISPO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0562049662327
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $248,050
John F Andrade holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within CA. Men's Colony. In 2023, their total compensation was $248,050. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- VALLEY STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $73,716
- Overtime
- $52,682
- Other pay
- $121,409
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $247,807
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MADERA
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 9192059662131
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $247,807
Roger C Carrillo holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within Valley State Prison. In 2023, their total compensation was $247,807. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- HIGH DESERT STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $111,539
- Overtime
- $118,747
- Other pay
- $16,077
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $246,362
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- LASSEN
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 9342059662034
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $246,362
William B Weston holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within High Desert State Prison. In 2023, their total compensation was $246,362. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- PLEASANT VALLEY STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $100,371
- Overtime
- $67,563
- Other pay
- $77,852
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $245,786
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- FRESNO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 4352099662051
- Salary Total
- $9,282
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $245,786
Raul L Contreras holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within Pleasant Valley State Prison. In 2023, their total compensation was $245,786. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - SOLANO
- Base pay
- $109,526
- Overtime
- $119,134
- Other pay
- $16,567
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $245,227
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SOLANO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 6742049662039
- Salary Total
- $9,282
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $245,227
Richard J Lopez is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within CA. State Prison - Solano. 2023 total compensation came to $245,227. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- CORRECTIONAL TRAINING FACILIT
- Base pay
- $17,010
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $228,043
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $245,053
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MONTEREY
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 1012089662049
- Salary Total
- $9,396
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $245,053
At CDCR, Lorenzo S Parreno Jr serves as a Correctional Officer within Correctional Training Facilit. Their 2023 pay totaled $245,053. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
- Base pay
- $111,263
- Overtime
- $42,978
- Other pay
- $90,806
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $245,047
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- KERN
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0542099662019
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $245,047
Sandra M Ball is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within CA. Correctional Institution. 2023 total compensation came to $245,047. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CENTRAL CA. WOMENS FACILITY
- Base pay
- $93,654
- Overtime
- $69,028
- Other pay
- $82,068
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $244,750
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MADERA
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 3812039662426
- Salary Total
- $8,675
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $244,750
Joe P Perez holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within Central CA. Womens Facility. In 2023, their total compensation was $244,750. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- FOLSOM STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $104,199
- Overtime
- $128,840
- Other pay
- $11,587
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $244,626
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SACRAMENTO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0712039662036
- Salary Total
- $8,849
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $244,626
Flint I Patton holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within Folsom State Prison. In 2023, their total compensation was $244,626. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- REHABILITATION CENTER
- Base pay
- $107,434
- Overtime
- $81,386
- Other pay
- $55,319
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $244,138
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- RIVERSIDE
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0792019662918
- Salary Total
- $9,109
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $244,138
Craig B Blow holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within Rehabilitation Center. In 2023, their total compensation was $244,138. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. INSTITUTION FOR MEN
- Base pay
- $113,789
- Overtime
- $114,217
- Other pay
- $16,085
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $244,090
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SAN BERNARDINO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0802039662226
- Salary Total
- $9,647
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $244,090
Theron L Laudermill works as a Correctional Officer for CDCR within CA. Institution for Men. Theron earned $244,090 in 2023. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- CENTINELA STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $102,329
- Overtime
- $118,978
- Other pay
- $22,692
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $244,000
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- IMPERIAL
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 4032029662086
- Salary Total
- $8,675
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $244,000
At CDCR, Jose R Carrillo serves as a Correctional Officer within Centinela State Prison. Their 2023 pay totaled $244,000. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- MULE CREEK STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $120,295
- Overtime
- $50,597
- Other pay
- $73,097
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $243,990
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- AMADOR
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0252069662061
- Salary Total
- $9,656
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $243,990
Jose R Martinez holds the role of Correctional Officer at CDCR within Mule Creek State Prison. In 2023, their total compensation was $243,990. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREAT-CORCORA
- Base pay
- $111,742
- Overtime
- $118,382
- Other pay
- $13,315
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $243,439
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- KINGS
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 5872059662005
- Salary Total
- $9,473
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $243,439
At CDCR, Luis F Gonzalez serves as a Correctional Officer within Substance Abuse Treat-Corcora. Their 2023 pay totaled $243,439. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- HIGH DESERT STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $104,579
- Overtime
- $118,449
- Other pay
- $18,827
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $241,855
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- LASSEN
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 9342069662155
- Salary Total
- $8,866
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $241,855
Chris R Koches works as a Correctional Officer for CDCR within High Desert State Prison. Chris earned $241,855 in 2023. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- HIGH DESERT STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $102,329
- Overtime
- $120,962
- Other pay
- $18,294
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $241,586
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- LASSEN
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 9342049662041
- Salary Total
- $8,675
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $241,586
Kenneth S Heffner works as a Correctional Officer for CDCR within High Desert State Prison. Kenneth earned $241,586 in 2023. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CENTINELA STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $66,192
- Overtime
- $38,369
- Other pay
- $136,961
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $241,522
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- IMPERIAL
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 4032029662113
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $241,522
At CDCR, Antonio R Velasquez serves as a Correctional Officer within Centinela State Prison. Their 2023 pay totaled $241,522. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- SALINAS VALLEY STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $86,556
- Overtime
- $56,335
- Other pay
- $98,484
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $241,375
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MONTEREY
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 9362049662104
- Salary Total
- $8,875
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $241,375
Martin H Sandoval is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within Salinas Valley State Prison. 2023 total compensation came to $241,375. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- SAN QUENTIN STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $116,189
- Overtime
- $113,302
- Other pay
- $11,576
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $241,067
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MARIN
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0952049662192
- Salary Total
- $9,847
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $241,067
Derek C Gilbert works as a Correctional Officer for CDCR within San Quentin State Prison. Derek earned $241,067 in 2023. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - SACRAMENTO
- Base pay
- $102,329
- Overtime
- $125,553
- Other pay
- $13,177
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $241,059
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SACRAMENTO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 2842099662068
- Salary Total
- $8,675
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $241,059
Darin A Anastasio is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within CA. State Prison - Sacramento. 2023 total compensation came to $241,059. Union affiliation: R06.
- Sub-department
- CA. STATE PRISON - SACRAMENTO
- Base pay
- $111,539
- Overtime
- $44,244
- Other pay
- $85,169
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $240,951
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- SACRAMENTO
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 2842039662067
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $240,951
At CDCR, Edward K Mccomas serves as a Correctional Officer within CA. State Prison - Sacramento. Their 2023 pay totaled $240,951. They are represented by R06.
- Sub-department
- VALLEY STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $118,774
- Overtime
- $110,291
- Other pay
- $10,242
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $239,307
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- MADERA
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 9192039662027
- Salary Total
- $9,282
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $239,307
Scott W Nelson works as a Correctional Officer for CDCR within Valley State Prison. Scott earned $239,307 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- REHABILITATION CENTER
- Base pay
- $111,539
- Overtime
- $66,633
- Other pay
- $60,638
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $238,810
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- RIVERSIDE
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 0792039662093
- Salary Total
- $9,456
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $238,810
Michael T Cervantes is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within Rehabilitation Center. 2023 total compensation came to $238,810. Their bargaining unit is R06.
- Sub-department
- CENTINELA STATE PRISON
- Base pay
- $111,742
- Overtime
- $109,641
- Other pay
- $17,286
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $238,670
- Union / bargaining unit
- R06
- Work county
- IMPERIAL
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,675
- Cs/csu
- CS
- Position Number
- 4032049662032
- Salary Total
- $9,473
- Time Base
- FT
- Total Pay
- $238,670
David A Barajas is a Correctional Officer at CDCR within Centinela State Prison. 2023 total compensation came to $238,670. Union affiliation: R06.