GCGovComp.app

California / Finance

Agency file

Finance

Source file: California — State Employee Compensation (SCO Payroll Data Warehouse, CPRA) / ingested Jul 4, 2026

The Finance is a government agency that delivers public services and programs within its jurisdiction.

In 2025, this agency had 451 employees with median total compensation of $117,638; the highest distinct record was $310,035.

Year
2025
Total payroll
$52.3M
Employees
451
Median total
$117,638
Highest record
$310,035

What the records show

Compensation analytics

These summaries compare pay within the agency before listing individual records.

Salary distribution

How 2025 total compensation is spread across the 451 employees. Each bar is a pay range; taller bars mean more people earn in that range. The amber line marks the median ($117,638) — half earn less, half more. The far-right bar collects the highest earners.

Average pay composition

  • Base$109,389 (94%)
  • Overtime$941 (1%)
  • Other$5,692 (5%)
  • Benefits$0 (0%)

What an average paycheck here is made of — base salary versus overtime, other pay (bonuses, allowances), and benefits. A large overtime or other-pay share means take-home often exceeds base salary.

Pay percentiles

10th
25th
Median
75th
90th
$43,974
$90,577
$117,638
$142,370
$176,106

The pay ladder for this department. Someone at the 90th percentile earns $176,106 — more than 90% of the department; the 10th percentile earns $43,974. The shaded band is the middle half of employees (25th–75th percentile).

Largest job titles

The most common job titles in this department by headcount, with the median total compensation for each. Click a title to see everyone who holds it.

Trend

Year over year

How this department's total payroll, headcount, and median pay changed across the 3 published years.

YearTotal payrollEmployeesMedian pay
2023
$46.8M
446
$109,519
2024
$51.7M
10.5%
471
5.6%
$115,369
5.3%
2025
$52.3M
1.2%
451
4.2%
$117,638
2.0%

Record list

Employees

Page 1

Kimberly Garcia

Information Technology Manager I/Finance

2024 total comp
$84,680
Base pay
$80,673
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$4,007
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,680
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E79
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
G

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$11,857
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3007111405921
Salary Total
$12,450
Total Pay
$84,680

At Finance, Kimberly Garcia serves as a Information Technology Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $84,680. Their bargaining unit is E79.

Alaina Powell

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$84,595
Base pay
$80,875
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,595
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,157
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3002205267824
Salary Total
$7,332
Total Pay
$84,595

At Finance, Alaina Powell serves as a Finance Budget Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $84,595. They are represented by E97.

Kerri Nelson

Financial and Performance Evaluator III, Department of Finance/Finance

2024 total comp
$84,499
Base pay
$59,258
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$25,242
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,499
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
T

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,259
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3007755427019
Salary Total
$10,185
Total Pay
$84,499

Kerri Nelson holds the role of Financial and Performance Evaluator III, Department of Finance at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $84,499. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Emeri Hall

Accounting Analyst/Finance

2024 total comp
$84,405
Base pay
$80,685
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,405
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,102
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006954582005
Salary Total
$7,017
Total Pay
$84,405

Emeri Hall holds the role of Accounting Analyst at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $84,405. Union affiliation: E97.

Nathanael Williams

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2023 total comp
$84,274
Base pay
$78,532
Overtime
$3,582
Other pay
$2,160
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,274
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,526
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3005205267810
Salary Total
$7,505
Total Pay
$84,274

Nathanael Williams is a Finance Budget Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2023 total compensation came to $84,274. They are represented by E97.

Katie Lagomarsino

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$84,263
Base pay
$77,403
Overtime
$3,501
Other pay
$3,360
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,263
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,134
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3002205267821
Salary Total
$7,990
Total Pay
$84,263

At Finance, Katie Lagomarsino serves as a Finance Budget Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $84,263. Union affiliation: E97.

David Jensen

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$84,134
Base pay
$83,584
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$550
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$84,134
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
I

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,427
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006755267804
Salary Total
$7,244
Total Pay
$84,134

David Jensen works as a Finance Budget Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. David earned $84,134 in 2025. They are represented by E97.

Nguyet Nguyen

Associate Personnel Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$83,911
Base pay
$82,515
Overtime
$16
Other pay
$1,380
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$83,911
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,439
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001455142700
Salary Total
$7,216
Total Pay
$83,911

Nguyet Nguyen works as a Associate Personnel Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. Nguyet earned $83,911 in 2025. They are represented by E97.

Kaily Yap

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$83,637
Base pay
$82,681
Overtime
$407
Other pay
$550
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$83,637
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,768
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001505267809
Salary Total
$7,285
Total Pay
$83,637

At Finance, Kaily Yap serves as a Finance Budget Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $83,637. Union affiliation: E97.

Isabelle Marie Arceo

Financial and Performance Evaluator I, Department of Finance/Finance

2025 total comp
$83,410
Base pay
$82,810
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$600
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$83,410
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
V

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,065
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3007755432877
Salary Total
$7,394
Total Pay
$83,410

Isabelle Marie Arceo holds the role of Financial and Performance Evaluator I, Department of Finance at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $83,410. They are represented by E97.

Victoria Rappleye

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$83,385
Base pay
$77,917
Overtime
$1,798
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$83,385
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,838
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3005205267821
Salary Total
$7,294
Total Pay
$83,385

Victoria Rappleye holds the role of Finance Budget Analyst at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $83,385. They are represented by E97.

Jennifer Ramirez

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$83,308
Base pay
$75,106
Overtime
$4,482
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$83,308
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,694
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3005305267809
Salary Total
$7,276
Total Pay
$83,308

Jennifer Ramirez works as a Finance Budget Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. Jennifer earned $83,308 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Winnie Leung

Staff Administrative Analyst -Accounting Systems-/Finance

2025 total comp
$82,914
Base pay
$79,612
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,303
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$82,914
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006955303011
Salary Total
$9,979
Total Pay
$82,914

Winnie Leung is a Staff Administrative Analyst -Accounting Systems- at Finance. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $82,914. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Eric Ngo

Information Technology Specialist I/Finance

2025 total comp
$82,287
Base pay
$81,687
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$600
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$82,287
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
P

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,398
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006101402003
Salary Total
$7,176
Total Pay
$82,287

Eric Ngo is a Information Technology Specialist I at Finance. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $82,287. Union affiliation: E97.

Thomas Van Steyn

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$82,208
Base pay
$78,488
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$82,208
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,848
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001415393701
Salary Total
$6,643
Total Pay
$82,208

Thomas Van Steyn is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $82,208. Union affiliation: E97.

Kristina Chambers

Administrative Assistant II/Finance

2024 total comp
$81,631
Base pay
$72,852
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$8,779
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$81,631
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,980
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001415358001
Salary Total
$6,980
Total Pay
$81,631

Kristina Chambers is a Administrative Assistant II at Finance. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $81,631. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Joshua Wittmershaus

Staff Services Analyst/Finance

2024 total comp
$80,254
Base pay
$73,080
Overtime
$3,453
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$80,254
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
K

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,770
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3007885157003
Salary Total
$6,636
Total Pay
$80,254

Joshua Wittmershaus works as a Staff Services Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. Joshua earned $80,254 in 2024. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Nathan Lomazzi

Research Data Analyst I/Finance

2024 total comp
$79,132
Base pay
$74,014
Overtime
$1,398
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$79,132
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
T

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,400
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3003105729002
Salary Total
$6,400
Total Pay
$79,132

Nathan Lomazzi is a Research Data Analyst I at Finance. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $79,132. Union affiliation: E97.

Raul Delgado

Associate Business Management Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$79,002
Base pay
$75,282
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$79,002
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,991
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001434742005
Salary Total
$6,781
Total Pay
$79,002

At Finance, Raul Delgado serves as a Associate Business Management Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $79,002. Union affiliation: E97.

Alisa Enright

Associate Business Management Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$79,002
Base pay
$75,282
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$79,002
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,991
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001434742004
Salary Total
$6,781
Total Pay
$79,002

At Finance, Alisa Enright serves as a Associate Business Management Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $79,002. Union affiliation: E97.

Ysabel Vasquez

Associate Business Management Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$79,002
Base pay
$75,282
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$79,002
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,991
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001434742006
Salary Total
$6,781
Total Pay
$79,002

Ysabel Vasquez works as a Associate Business Management Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. Ysabel earned $79,002 in 2025. Union affiliation: E97.

Anteneh Ayele

Research Data Analyst II/Finance

2023 total comp
$78,905
Base pay
$74,099
Overtime
$2,336
Other pay
$2,470
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$78,905
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,776
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3003105731001
Salary Total
$6,776
Total Pay
$78,905

Anteneh Ayele works as a Research Data Analyst II for Finance. Their status is full-time. Anteneh earned $78,905 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Sabrina Adams

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2024 total comp
$78,747
Base pay
$73,171
Overtime
$1,856
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$78,747
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
X

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,059
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3005205267819
Salary Total
$7,310
Total Pay
$78,747

Sabrina Adams is a Finance Budget Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $78,747. Union affiliation: E97.

Lisbeth Fonseca

Accounting Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$78,740
Base pay
$75,020
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$78,740
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,693
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006954582003
Salary Total
$6,376
Total Pay
$78,740

Lisbeth Fonseca works as a Accounting Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. Lisbeth earned $78,740 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Nicole Paulson

Research Data Analyst II/Finance

2023 total comp
$78,665
Base pay
$75,192
Overtime
$1,377
Other pay
$2,096
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$78,665
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,579
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3003105731003
Salary Total
$6,579
Total Pay
$78,665

Nicole Paulson works as a Research Data Analyst II for Finance. Their status is full-time. Nicole earned $78,665 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Raul Delgado

Business Service Officer I (Specialist)/Finance

2024 total comp
$78,384
Base pay
$74,031
Overtime
$633
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$78,384
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,276
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001434720003
Salary Total
$6,276
Total Pay
$78,384

Raul Delgado holds the role of Business Service Officer I (Specialist) at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $78,384. Union affiliation: E97.

Alexander Anaya

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2024 total comp
$78,146
Base pay
$74,138
Overtime
$287
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$78,146
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,059
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3002205267804
Salary Total
$7,310
Total Pay
$78,146

Alexander Anaya holds the role of Finance Budget Analyst at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $78,146. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Mohammad Omari

Accounting Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$77,976
Base pay
$74,256
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$77,976
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,693
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006954582006
Salary Total
$6,376
Total Pay
$77,976

Mohammad Omari works as a Accounting Analyst for Finance. Their status is full-time. Mohammad earned $77,976 in 2025. They are represented by E97.

Blake Bacon

Research Data Analyst I/Finance

2025 total comp
$77,829
Base pay
$71,953
Overtime
$2,156
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$77,829
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
W

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,278
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3003105729005
Salary Total
$6,090
Total Pay
$77,829

Blake Bacon holds the role of Research Data Analyst I at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $77,829. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Ysabel Cannon

Business Service Officer I (Specialist)/Finance

2024 total comp
$77,751
Base pay
$74,031
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$77,751
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,276
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001434720002
Salary Total
$6,276
Total Pay
$77,751

At Finance, Ysabel Cannon serves as a Business Service Officer I (Specialist). They work full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $77,751. Their bargaining unit is E97.

Alisa Enright

Business Service Officer I (Specialist)/Finance

2024 total comp
$77,751
Base pay
$74,031
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$77,751
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,276
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001434720001
Salary Total
$6,276
Total Pay
$77,751

Alisa Enright holds the role of Business Service Officer I (Specialist) at Finance. Their status is full-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $77,751. They are represented by E97.

Ricardo Gallardo

Research Data Analyst I/Finance

2025 total comp
$77,487
Base pay
$72,091
Overtime
$1,676
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$77,487
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,278
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3003105729004
Salary Total
$6,090
Total Pay
$77,487

Ricardo Gallardo works as a Research Data Analyst I for Finance. Their status is full-time. Ricardo earned $77,487 in 2025. Union affiliation: E97.

Andrew Huitt

Staff Services Analyst/Finance

2024 total comp
$77,030
Base pay
$72,165
Overtime
$1,145
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$77,030
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,770
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3005205157002
Salary Total
$6,636
Total Pay
$77,030

Andrew Huitt is a Staff Services Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $77,030. Union affiliation: E97.

Maryssa Deville

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$76,505
Base pay
$72,785
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$76,505
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
I

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,523
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3001415393703
Salary Total
$6,327
Total Pay
$76,505

Maryssa Deville is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $76,505. They are represented by E97.

Riley Thompson

Finance Budget Analyst/Finance

2025 total comp
$76,341
Base pay
$71,389
Overtime
$4,352
Other pay
$600
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$76,341
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
E

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,694
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3005205267822
Salary Total
$7,276
Total Pay
$76,341

Riley Thompson is a Finance Budget Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $76,341. Union affiliation: E97.

Cynthia Chastain

Executive Assistant/Finance

2025 total comp
$76,168
Base pay
$70,509
Overtime
$1,385
Other pay
$4,273
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$76,168
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,102
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3006151728001
Salary Total
$5,919
Total Pay
$76,168

At Finance, Cynthia Chastain serves as a Executive Assistant. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $76,168. They are represented by E97.

Blair Huxman

Staff Services Analyst/Finance

2024 total comp
$75,749
Base pay
$70,752
Overtime
$1,537
Other pay
$3,460
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$75,749
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
E

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,770
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3003305157001
Salary Total
$6,636
Total Pay
$75,749

Blair Huxman is a Staff Services Analyst at Finance. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $75,749. Union affiliation: E97.

Jedediah Thompson

Financial and Performance Evaluator II, Department of Finance/Finance

2024 total comp
$75,144
Base pay
$46,701
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$28,443
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$75,144
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E97
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,746
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
3007755426881
Salary Total
$9,621
Total Pay
$75,144

Jedediah Thompson works as a Financial and Performance Evaluator II, Department of Finance for Finance. Their status is full-time. Jedediah earned $75,144 in 2024. They are represented by E97.