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California / Industrial Relations

Agency file

Industrial Relations

Source file: California — State Employee Compensation (SCO Payroll Data Warehouse, CPRA) / ingested Jun 19, 2026

The Industrial Relations is a government agency that delivers public services and programs within its jurisdiction.

In 2023, this agency had 3,037 employees with median total compensation of $87,525; the highest distinct record was $289,350.

Year
2023
Employees
3,037
Median total
$87,525
Highest record
$289,350

What the records show

Compensation analytics

These summaries compare pay within the agency before listing individual records.

Salary distribution

$0$190,708+

How 2023 total compensation is spread across the 3,037 employees. Each bar is a pay range; taller bars mean more people earn in that range. The amber line marks the median ($87,525) — half earn less, half more. The far-right bar collects the highest earners.

Average pay composition

  • Base$85,468 (94%)
  • Overtime$1,096 (1%)
  • Other$4,347 (5%)
  • Benefits$0 (0%)

What an average paycheck here is made of — base salary versus overtime, other pay (bonuses, allowances), and benefits. A large overtime or other-pay share means take-home often exceeds base salary.

Pay percentiles

10th
25th
Median
75th
90th
$25,872
$56,744
$87,525
$125,539
$165,975

The pay ladder for this department. Someone at the 90th percentile earns $165,975 — more than 90% of the department; the 10th percentile earns $25,872. The shaded band is the middle half of employees (25th–75th percentile).

Largest job titles

The most common job titles in this department by headcount, with the median total compensation for each. Click a title to see everyone who holds it.

Record list

Employees

Highest-paid first / page 68

Parisa Jamali

Office Technician (Typing)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$32,081
Base pay
$31,681
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$400
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$32,081
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
ALAMEDA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,609
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001021139167
Salary Total
$3,609
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$32,081

Parisa Jamali is a Office Technician (Typing) at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $32,081. Union affiliation: R04.

Briana M Desboine

Accounting Officer (Specialist)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$32,024
Base pay
$23,644
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$8,379
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$32,024
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SAN FRANCISCO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,579
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001014546073
Salary Total
$5,579
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$32,024

At Industrial Relations, Briana M Desboine serves as a Accounting Officer (Specialist). Their 2023 pay totaled $32,024. They are represented by R01.

Jennifer W Phillips

Management Services Technician/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$31,535
Base pay
$7,399
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$24,136
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$31,535
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
RIVERSIDE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,743
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006875278333
Salary Total
$4,743
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$31,535

Jennifer W Phillips works as a Management Services Technician for Industrial Relations. Jennifer earned $31,535 in 2023. Union affiliation: R01.

Adrian A Pacheco

Management Services Technician/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$31,517
Base pay
$31,517
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$31,517
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
ORANGE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,640
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006615278342
Salary Total
$3,890
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$31,517

Adrian A Pacheco holds the role of Management Services Technician at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $31,517. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Terry L Perry

Staff Services Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$31,297
Base pay
$28,277
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,020
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$31,297
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,933
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001075157901
Salary Total
$2,467
Time Base
PT
Total Pay
$31,297

Terry L Perry works as a Staff Services Analyst for Industrial Relations. Terry earned $31,297 in 2023. They are represented by R01.

Sydney M Magana

Office Technician (Typing)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$31,289
Base pay
$30,099
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,190
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$31,289
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SAN JOAQUIN

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,018
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006831139630
Salary Total
$4,018
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$31,289

Sydney M Magana works as a Office Technician (Typing) for Industrial Relations. Sydney earned $31,289 in 2023. Union affiliation: R04.

Christopher J Nunes

Associate Business Management Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$30,848
Base pay
$29,318
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,530
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$30,848
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,968
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001184742006
Salary Total
$5,968
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$30,848

Christopher J Nunes holds the role of Associate Business Management Analyst at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $30,848. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Jennifer H Ohagan

Management Services Technician/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$30,708
Base pay
$29,625
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,083
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$30,708
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SONOMA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,822
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006825278192
Salary Total
$3,822
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$30,708

Jennifer H Ohagan holds the role of Management Services Technician at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $30,708. They are represented by R01.

Guy M Weinberg

Associate Safety Engineer (Elevators)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$30,579
Base pay
$30,579
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$30,579
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SAN BERNARDINO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,245
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004333884082
Salary Total
$10,193
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$30,579

Guy M Weinberg is a Associate Safety Engineer (Elevators) at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $30,579. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Geoffrey T Mclennan

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$30,175
Base pay
$30,175
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$30,175
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,114
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001075393901
Salary Total
$41
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$30,175

Geoffrey T Mclennan works as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst for Industrial Relations. Geoffrey earned $30,175 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Nina A Rodriguez

Office Technician (Typing)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$30,080
Base pay
$29,560
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$520
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$30,080
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,609
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005331139381
Salary Total
$3,609
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$30,080

Nina A Rodriguez works as a Office Technician (Typing) for Industrial Relations. Nina earned $30,080 in 2023. Union affiliation: R04.

Amber L Vice

Personnel Technician I/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$30,064
Base pay
$27,613
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$2,450
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$30,064
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,640
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001075160016
Salary Total
$3,640
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$30,064

Amber L Vice is a Personnel Technician I at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $30,064. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Scott A Fry

Industrial Relations Representative/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,936
Base pay
$27,010
Overtime
$2,926
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,936
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SAN DIEGO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,964
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005449483054
Salary Total
$4,964
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,936

Scott A Fry holds the role of Industrial Relations Representative at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $29,936. They are represented by R01.

Robert B Hill

Administrative Law Judge/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,911
Base pay
$16,344
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$13,567
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,911
Union / bargaining unit
R02
Work county
RIVERSIDE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$13,171
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006876016120
Salary Total
$13,830
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,911

Robert B Hill holds the role of Administrative Law Judge at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $29,911. Their bargaining unit is R02.

Janelle N Corbaz

Office Technician (Typing)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,731
Base pay
$27,938
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,793
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,731
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SAN DIEGO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,470
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004461139306
Salary Total
$3,470
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,731

Janelle N Corbaz is a Office Technician (Typing) at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $29,731. Their bargaining unit is R04.

Armando Casarez

Industrial Relations Representative/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,639
Base pay
$29,639
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,639
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
FRESNO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,964
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005849483081
Salary Total
$4,964
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,639

Armando Casarez holds the role of Industrial Relations Representative at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $29,639. They are represented by R01.

Stephen M Higgins

Associate Safety Engineer (Elevators)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,608
Base pay
$29,608
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,608
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,245
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004433884219
Salary Total
$10,193
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,608

Stephen M Higgins works as a Associate Safety Engineer (Elevators) for Industrial Relations. Stephen earned $29,608 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Sharilyn Pauley

Personnel Specialist/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,570
Base pay
$24,757
Overtime
$162
Other pay
$4,650
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,570
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,655
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001071303082
Salary Total
$5,655
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,570

At Industrial Relations, Sharilyn Pauley serves as a Personnel Specialist. Their 2023 pay totaled $29,570. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Virginia Elaine Fair

Senior Accounting Officer (Specialist)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,424
Base pay
$29,424
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,424
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,114
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001064567901
Salary Total
$41
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$29,424

Virginia Elaine Fair is a Senior Accounting Officer (Specialist) at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $29,424. Union affiliation: R01.

Romelia R Cataluna

Office Assistant (Typing)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,230
Base pay
$23,472
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$5,758
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,230
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SANTA CLARA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,029
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005451379135
Salary Total
$4,029
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,230

At Industrial Relations, Romelia R Cataluna serves as a Office Assistant (Typing). Their 2023 pay totaled $29,230. They are represented by R04.

Faleaana A Meni

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,080
Base pay
$29,080
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,080
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
ORANGE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,684
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004555393977
Salary Total
$5,934
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,080

Faleaana A Meni holds the role of Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $29,080. Union affiliation: R01.

Norton Chang

Accounting Officer (Specialist)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,040
Base pay
$29,040
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,040
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SAN FRANCISCO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,808
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001014546099
Salary Total
$5,808
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,040

Norton Chang is a Accounting Officer (Specialist) at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $29,040. They are represented by R01.

Celia Juarez

Management Services Technician/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$29,012
Base pay
$25,547
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,465
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$29,012
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,296
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4007855278103
Salary Total
$4,296
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$29,012

At Industrial Relations, Celia Juarez serves as a Management Services Technician. Their 2023 pay totaled $29,012. Union affiliation: R01.

Charmaine L Atienza

Attorney/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,985
Base pay
$27,912
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,074
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,985
Union / bargaining unit
R02
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$7,511
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001135778018
Salary Total
$7,511
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,985

Charmaine L Atienza holds the role of Attorney at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $28,985. They are represented by R02.

Lucia S Ceja

Staff Services Manager I/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,977
Base pay
$28,977
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,977
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
ALAMEDA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,398
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005004800953
Salary Total
$48
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$28,977

Lucia S Ceja holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $28,977. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Amanda K Russell

Senior Legal Typist/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,776
Base pay
$27,128
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,648
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,776
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
KERN

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,203
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006623224469
Salary Total
$4,203
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,776

Amanda K Russell works as a Senior Legal Typist for Industrial Relations. Amanda earned $28,776 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R04.

Keegan D Bess

Industrial Relations Representative/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,763
Base pay
$28,763
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,763
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
RIVERSIDE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,964
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005659483082
Salary Total
$4,964
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,763

Keegan D Bess works as a Industrial Relations Representative for Industrial Relations. Keegan earned $28,763 in 2023. Union affiliation: R01.

Katherine H Manning

Attorney III/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,598
Base pay
$28,598
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,598
Union / bargaining unit
R02
Work county
SANTA CLARA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,536
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4005115795015
Salary Total
$10,536
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,598

Katherine H Manning holds the role of Attorney III at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $28,598. Their bargaining unit is R02.

Alexander M Malaki

Staff Services Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,468
Base pay
$28,218
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$250
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,468
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,726
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001075157258
Salary Total
$4,726
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,468

Alexander M Malaki is a Staff Services Analyst at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $28,468. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Ricardo M Quant

Associate Governmental Program Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,305
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$28,305
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,305
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
ALAMEDA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,907
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004085393030
Salary Total
$6,907
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,305

Ricardo M Quant holds the role of Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $28,305. Union affiliation: R01.

Kelly T Tell

Hearing Reporter/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,188
Base pay
$28,188
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,188
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SAN LUIS OBISPO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,797
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006651229087
Salary Total
$7,047
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$28,188

At Industrial Relations, Kelly T Tell serves as a Hearing Reporter. Their 2023 pay totaled $28,188. Union affiliation: R01.

Jerry W Young

Assistant Safety Engineer/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,176
Base pay
$28,176
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,176
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
ALAMEDA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,848
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004183899904
Salary Total
$51
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$28,176

At Industrial Relations, Jerry W Young serves as a Assistant Safety Engineer. Their 2023 pay totaled $28,176. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Sam Phenephom

Accounting Officer (Specialist)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$28,003
Base pay
$28,003
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$28,003
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,213
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001064546901
Salary Total
$36
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$28,003

Sam Phenephom works as a Accounting Officer (Specialist) for Industrial Relations. Sam earned $28,003 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Zevandah Barnes

Staff Services Analyst/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,980
Base pay
$26,157
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,823
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,980
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,726
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001075157901
Salary Total
$4,726
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$27,980

Zevandah Barnes holds the role of Staff Services Analyst at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $27,980. Their bargaining unit is R01.

Veronica M Leiva

Workers' Compensation Consultant/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,913
Base pay
$27,913
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,913
Union / bargaining unit
R01
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,264
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4007569210432
Salary Total
$6,464
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$27,913

Veronica M Leiva holds the role of Workers' Compensation Consultant at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $27,913. Union affiliation: R01.

Douglas P Elliott

Attorney III/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,862
Base pay
$27,862
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,862
Union / bargaining unit
R02
Work county
LOS ANGELES

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$13,526
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001135795901
Salary Total
$78
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$27,862

At Industrial Relations, Douglas P Elliott serves as a Attorney III. Their 2023 pay totaled $27,862. They are represented by R02.

Xiaoyan Zhong

Senior Legal Typist/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,841
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$27,841
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,841
Union / bargaining unit
R04
Work county
SANTA CLARA

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,540
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006783224279
Salary Total
$5,005
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$27,841

At Industrial Relations, Xiaoyan Zhong serves as a Senior Legal Typist. Their 2023 pay totaled $27,841. Union affiliation: R04.

Anthony E Warner

Associate Safety Engineer (Elevators)/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,667
Base pay
$27,667
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,667
Union / bargaining unit
R09
Work county
SAN BERNARDINO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$9,245
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4004333884227
Salary Total
$10,193
Time Base
FT
Total Pay
$27,667

Anthony E Warner holds the role of Associate Safety Engineer (Elevators) at Industrial Relations. In 2023, their total compensation was $27,667. Their bargaining unit is R09.

Ryan C Chan

Student Assistant/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,525
Base pay
$25,747
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,778
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,525
Union / bargaining unit
E
Work county
SACRAMENTO

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,583
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4001254870901
Salary Total
$21
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$27,525

Ryan C Chan works as a Student Assistant for Industrial Relations. Ryan earned $27,525 in 2023. Union affiliation: E.

Ilyana V Bone

Student Assistant/Industrial Relations

2023 total comp
$27,246
Base pay
$27,246
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$27,246
Union / bargaining unit
E
Work county
ORANGE

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$3,655
Cs/csu
CS
Position Number
4006614870903
Salary Total
$21
Time Base
INT
Total Pay
$27,246

Ilyana V Bone is a Student Assistant at Industrial Relations. 2023 total compensation came to $27,246. Union affiliation: E.