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California / State University / Lecturer - Academic Year

Job-title file

Lecturer - Academic Year

Plan and deliver instruction, assess student progress, and develop curriculum.

23,819 employees hold this title in State University. Median total compensation for the role is $13,672, below the department median of $31,618.

Employees
23,819
Total payroll
$579M
Role median
$13,672
Agency median
$31,618
Comparison
Below

What the records show

Role pay distribution

Pay distribution for this role

-$13,245$90,018+

Hover a bar for its range; click to filter the list below.

How total compensation varies among the 23,819 people in this role. Even for one job title, pay differs with seniority, step, overtime, and tenure. Each bar is a pay range; the far-right bar collects the highest earners.

Compare departments

This role across California

Lecturer - Academic Year is held in 2 California departments. In State University, the median of $13,672 ranks #2 of 2.

Highest-paying departments for this role

Median total compensation for the Lecturer - Academic Year role in other Californiadepartments (highest first). Each bar links to that department’s page for this role.

Record list

Employees with this title

Page 54

Joanna Gaspar

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$104
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Base pay
$104
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$104
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
E

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,221
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331722358003
Salary Total
$1,244
Total Pay
$104

Joanna Gaspar is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Los Angeles. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $104. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Jonathan Paulsen

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$104
Sub-department
Sacramento
Base pay
$104
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$104
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
F

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,925
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2452022358001
Salary Total
$1,185
Total Pay
$104

Jonathan Paulsen is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Sacramento. They work part-time. 2024 total compensation came to $104. They are represented by R03.

Thomas Lugo

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$104
Sub-department
San Francisco
Base pay
$104
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$104
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
San Francisco
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,925
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2553442358001
Salary Total
$1,185
Total Pay
$104

Thomas Lugo holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within San Francisco. Their status is part-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $104. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Jose Avila

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$104
Sub-department
Stanislaus
Base pay
$104
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$104
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Stanislaus
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,925
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2710392358001
Salary Total
$1,185
Total Pay
$104

At State University, Jose Avila serves as a Lecturer - Academic Year within Stanislaus. They work part-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $104. They are represented by R03.

Wendy Wilhite

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$104
Sub-department
East Bay
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$104
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$104
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Alameda
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,386
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2291952358001
Salary Total
$851
Total Pay
$104

Wendy Wilhite works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within East Bay. Their status is part-time. Wendy earned $104 in 2025. They are represented by R03.

Adam Moore

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$103
Sub-department
Long Beach
Base pay
$103
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$103
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
F

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,144
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2370922358001
Salary Total
$2,172
Total Pay
$103

At State University, Adam Moore serves as a Lecturer - Academic Year within Long Beach. They work part-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Caren Sax

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$103
Sub-department
San Diego
Base pay
$103
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$103
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
San Diego
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,845
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2503032358001
Salary Total
$2,169
Total Pay
$103

Caren Sax is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within San Diego. They work part-time. 2024 total compensation came to $103. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Iman MohammadkarimMay be multiple

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$103
Sub-department
Long Beach
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,007
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2373792358001
Salary Total
$2,003
Total Pay
$103

Payroll for Iman Mohammadkarim (Lecturer - Academic Year, State University) may cover more than one person; together they account for $103 in 2025.

Elizabeth Reed

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$103
Sub-department
Long Beach
Base pay
$103
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$103
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,102
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2370922358002
Salary Total
$2,161
Total Pay
$103

Elizabeth Reed is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Long Beach. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $103. Union affiliation: R03.

Emily Threatt

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$103
Sub-department
Bakersfield
Base pay
$103
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$103
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Kern
Middle name
T

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,394
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2738052358001
Salary Total
$2,158
Total Pay
$103

Emily Threatt works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within Bakersfield. Their status is part-time. Emily earned $103 in 2024. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Julie Mumma

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2023 total comp
$102
Sub-department
Sacramento
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$102
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$102
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
E

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,354
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2452752358001
Salary Total
$6,354
Total Pay
$102

Julie Mumma is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Sacramento. They work full-time. 2023 total compensation came to $102. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Fiona KarsbergMay be multiple

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$102
Sub-department
San Marcos
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
San Diego
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,675
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2511162358002
Salary Total
$1,892
Total Pay
$102

This Lecturer - Academic Year record at State University for Fiona Karsberg may represent several individuals, totaling $102 in 2025.

Amanda C Simons

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$102
Sub-department
San Diego
Base pay
$102
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$102
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
San Diego
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,327
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2504632358001
Salary Total
$2,131
Total Pay
$102

Amanda C Simons holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within San Diego. Their status is part-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $102. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Gary Brent Evans

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$102
Sub-department
Fullerton
Base pay
$102
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$102
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Orange

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,337
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2421962358001
Salary Total
$2,135
Total Pay
$102

Gary Brent Evans works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within Fullerton. Their status is part-time. Gary earned $102 in 2024. They are represented by R03.

Helen Aleksani

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2023 total comp
$101
Sub-department
Stanislaus
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$101
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$101
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Stanislaus
Middle name
B

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$4,398
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2710162358004
Salary Total
$1,759
Total Pay
$101

At State University, Helen Aleksani serves as a Lecturer - Academic Year within Stanislaus. They work part-time. Their 2023 pay totaled $101. Union affiliation: R03.

Maria Camarillo

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$101
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$101
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$101
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$6,825
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331642358001
Salary Total
$2,126
Total Pay
$101

Maria Camarillo holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Los Angeles. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $101. Their bargaining unit is R03.

John DesantisMay be multiple

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$101
Sub-department
San Marcos
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
San Diego
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,624
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2510332358002
Salary Total
$2,999
Total Pay
$101

John Desantis appears in State University payroll as a Lecturer - Academic Year, with $101 reported in 2025 — this entry may combine more than one individual of the same name.

David Santiago Jr

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$101
Sub-department
San Jose
Base pay
$101
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$101
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Santa Clara

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,298
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2601012358001
Salary Total
$2,119
Total Pay
$101

David Santiago Jr holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within San Jose. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $101. Union affiliation: R03.

Carleen Kreider

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$101
Sub-department
San Marcos
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$101
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$101
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
San Diego

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,250
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2512802358003
Salary Total
$4,988
Total Pay
$101

Carleen Kreider works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within San Marcos. Their status is part-time. Carleen earned $101 in 2025. Union affiliation: R03.

Karen Breshears

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2023 total comp
$101
Sub-department
Stanislaus
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$101
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$101
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Stanislaus
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,708
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2710412358001
Salary Total
$2,569
Total Pay
$101

Karen Breshears works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within Stanislaus. Their status is part-time. Karen earned $101 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R03.

David Yang

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Fresno
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Fresno

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,279
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2132442358001
Salary Total
$2,112
Total Pay
$100

At State University, David Yang serves as a Lecturer - Academic Year within Fresno. They work part-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $100. They are represented by R03.

George Vozikis

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Fresno
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Fresno
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$11,066
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2131842358011
Salary Total
$2,213
Total Pay
$100

George Vozikis holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Fresno. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $100. They are represented by R03.

Pamela Roberts

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Long Beach
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
K

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$10,550
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2370522358001
Salary Total
$2,110
Total Pay
$100

Pamela Roberts holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Long Beach. Their status is part-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $100. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Luz Espanola

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Monterey Bay
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Monterey
Middle name
B

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2261072358002
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Luz Espanola works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within Monterey Bay. Their status is part-time. Luz earned $100 in 2025. Union affiliation: R03.

Jeffrey Mark Arenzana

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Dominguez Hills
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2317572358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Jeffrey Mark Arenzana holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Dominguez Hills. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $100. Union affiliation: R03.

Genesis Rosalie Torres-Morales

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Dominguez Hills
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2317272358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Genesis Rosalie Torres-Morales works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within Dominguez Hills. Their status is part-time. Genesis earned $100 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Carlos Betancourt

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Bakersfield
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Kern

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2738852358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Carlos Betancourt works as a Lecturer - Academic Year for State University within Bakersfield. Their status is part-time. Carlos earned $100 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Melisa Medina CruzMay be multiple

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Bakersfield
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Kern
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2738422358006
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Payroll for Melisa Medina Cruz (Lecturer - Academic Year, State University) may cover more than one person; together they account for $100 in 2025.

Mary Bonilla

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Bakersfield
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Kern
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2738872358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Mary Bonilla is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Bakersfield. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $100. Union affiliation: R03.

Jordan Lynn Chancellor

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Dominguez Hills
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2317322358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Jordan Lynn Chancellor is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Dominguez Hills. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $100. Union affiliation: R03.

Alton Jelks

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
East Bay
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Alameda
Middle name
G

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,925
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2290902358001
Salary Total
$1,580
Total Pay
$100

Alton Jelks is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within East Bay. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $100. Union affiliation: R03.

Andrea Herrera

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Dominguez Hills
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2317042358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Andrea Herrera is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Dominguez Hills. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $100. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Mitchell Sigal

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2024 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Long Beach
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
D

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,241
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2373842358001
Salary Total
$2,096
Total Pay
$100

Mitchell Sigal holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Long Beach. Their status is part-time. In 2024, their total compensation was $100. Union affiliation: R03.

Christopher FennessyMay be multiple

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2332232358006
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Payroll for Christopher Fennessy (Lecturer - Academic Year, State University) may cover more than one person; together they account for $100 in 2025.

Garineh Assaturi

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331272358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Garineh Assaturi holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Los Angeles. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $100. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Allease Glamore

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331442358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

At State University, Allease Glamore serves as a Lecturer - Academic Year within Los Angeles. They work part-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $100. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Emil KrausMay be multiple

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331432358002
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Payroll for Emil Kraus (Lecturer - Academic Year, State University) may cover more than one person; together they account for $100 in 2025.

Marion Maureira Torres

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Base pay
$0
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$100
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331632358002
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Marion Maureira Torres holds the role of Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Los Angeles. Their status is part-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $100. Union affiliation: R03.

Afsaneh Nouri Houshyar

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Los Angeles
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Los Angeles

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2331262358002
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Afsaneh Nouri Houshyar is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Los Angeles. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $100. Their bargaining unit is R03.

Mary Foehringer

Lecturer - Academic Year/State University

2025 total comp
$100
Sub-department
Monterey Bay
Base pay
$100
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$0
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$100
Employment type
Part-Time
Union / bargaining unit
R03
Work county
Monterey
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$5,507
Cs/csu
Csu
Position Number
2261352358001
Salary Total
$1,101
Total Pay
$100

Mary Foehringer is a Lecturer - Academic Year at State University within Monterey Bay. They work part-time. 2025 total compensation came to $100. Their bargaining unit is R03.