Public Safety Department

Sub-department

St Cloud D 2600 Troopers

Base pay

$111,221

Overtime

$2,204

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,425

Hire date

2016-01-25

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Stearns

Matthew Carlson is a State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within St Cloud D 2600 Troopers. Hired in 2016, they have about 9 years of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $113,425. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

911 Emer Service Deputy Direct

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

2012-07-12

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Melinda Miller works as a Planning Director State for Public Safety Department within 911 Emer Service Deputy Direct. They have served since 2012 (about 13 years) as a full-time employee. Melinda earned $113,418 in 2025. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Office of Communication 2

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

2009-07-13

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Jill Oliveira is a Planning Director State at Public Safety Department within Office of Communication 2. Their tenure dates to 2009, about 16 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $113,418. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

State Patrol Technician Operations

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

2003-07-01

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Kris Wilkens works as a Planning Director State for Public Safety Department within State Patrol Technician Operations. They have served since 2003 (about 22 years) as a full-time employee. Kris earned $113,418 in 2025. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

MN Board of Firefighters Oper

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

1999-10-04

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Steven Flaherty is a State Program Administrative Coordinator at Public Safety Department within MN Board of Firefighters Oper. Hired in 1999, they have about 26 years of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $113,418. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Ojp Grants Red Team

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

1996-05-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Kristin Lail is a State Program Administrative Coordinator at Public Safety Department within Ojp Grants Red Team. Hired in 1996, they have about 29 years of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $113,418. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Product Management

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

1977-05-23

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, Michael Asleson serves as a Planning Director State within Product Management. Their tenure dates to 1977, about 48 years, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $113,418. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

OJP Training and Research Team

Base pay

$113,418

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,418

Hire date

2004-05-19

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, Suzanne Elwell serves as a State Program Administrative Coordinator within Ojp Training and Research Team. Their tenure dates to 2004, about 21 years, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $113,418. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

West Metro D 2500 Troopers

Base pay

$89,596

Overtime

$23,601

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,197

Hire date

2022-02-14

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Hennepin

Justin Mathes works as a State Patrol Trooper for Public Safety Department within West Metro D 2500 Troopers. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 3 years as a full-time employee. Justin earned $113,197 in 2025. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Pipeline Safety Support

Base pay

$108,271

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$4,894

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,165

Hire date

2016-01-06

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

10

Union / bargaining unit

MN Govt Engineers Council

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Adam Ratzlaff is a Engineer Senior at Public Safety Department within Pipeline Safety Support. They have served since 2016 (about 9 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $113,165. Union affiliation: MN Govt Engineers Council.

Sub-department

St Cloud D 2600 Troopers

Base pay

$108,088

Overtime

$5,020

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,108

Hire date

2014-10-13

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Stearns

At Public Safety Department, Scott Mccarty serves as a State Patrol Trooper within St Cloud D 2600 Troopers. They have served since 2014 (about 11 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $113,108. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

East Metro D 2400 Troopers

Base pay

$101,616

Overtime

$10,457

Other pay

$1,000

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,072

Hire date

2019-01-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Washington

At Public Safety Department, Christian Lemon serves as a State Patrol Trooper within East Metro D 2400 Troopers. Their tenure dates to 2019, about 6 years, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $113,072. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Brainerd D 2800 Troopers

Base pay

$109,691

Overtime

$394

Other pay

$2,969

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,054

Hire date

2001-03-26

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Crow Wing

Sandra Barg is a State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within Brainerd D 2800 Troopers. Hired in 2001, they have about 24 years of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $113,054. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

BCA Lab Quality Management

Base pay

$113,000

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$113,000

Hire date

2024-07-03

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

19

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Kristin Jacobson holds the role of Forensic Scientist 3 at Public Safety Department within Bca Lab Quality Management. Their tenure dates to 2024, about a year as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $113,000. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Rochester D2100 Troopers

Base pay

$101,479

Overtime

$10,635

Other pay

$881

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,994

Hire date

2018-08-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Olmsted

At Public Safety Department, Alexander Molitor serves as a State Patrol Trooper within Rochester D2100 Troopers. They have served since 2018 (about 7 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $112,994. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

BCA Lab Biology 2

Base pay

$82,948

Overtime

$22,683

Other pay

$7,336

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,967

Hire date

2017-03-09

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

16

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Joshua Mertens is a Forensic Scientist 2 at Public Safety Department within Bca Lab Biology 2. Their tenure dates to 2017, about 8 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $112,967. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Rochester D2100 Troopers

Base pay

$106,151

Overtime

$6,784

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,935

Hire date

2016-09-26

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Olmsted

Robert Elwood Iii works as a State Patrol Trooper for Public Safety Department within Rochester D2100 Troopers. Hired in 2016, they have about 9 years of service as a full-time employee. Robert earned $112,935 in 2025. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

HSEM RESP, REC & Mitigation

Base pay

$97,734

Overtime

$15,122

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,856

Hire date

2012-08-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

14

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

Angela Wynn works as a State Program Administrative Principal for Public Safety Department within Hsem Resp, Recreation & Mitigation. Hired in 2012, they have about 13 years of service as a full-time employee. Angela earned $112,856 in 2025. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Mnjis Management

Base pay

$112,854

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,854

Hire date

2018-08-22

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

21

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, Troy Woltman serves as a State Program Administrative Director within Mnjis Management. Hired in 2018, they have about 7 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $112,854. Their bargaining unit is Middle Management Association.

Sub-department

HSEM Management Deputy

Base pay

$79,001

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$33,822

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,823

Hire date

2014-07-02

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

15

Union / bargaining unit

Manager

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

Joseph Neuberger works as a State Program Administrative Manager for Public Safety Department within Hsem Management Deputy. They have served since 2014 (about 11 years) as a full-time employee. Joseph earned $112,823 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is Manager.

Sub-department

Detroit Lakes D 2900 Troopers

Base pay

$98,442

Overtime

$14,005

Other pay

$370

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,817

Hire date

2019-01-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Becker

Evan Malmstrom works as a State Patrol Trooper for Public Safety Department within Detroit Lakes D 2900 Troopers. Their tenure dates to 2019, about 6 years as a full-time employee. Evan earned $112,817 in 2025. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Brainerd D 2800 Troopers

Base pay

$101,746

Overtime

$10,383

Other pay

$515

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,644

Hire date

2018-01-15

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Crow Wing

At Public Safety Department, Nathan Tupy serves as a State Patrol Trooper within Brainerd D 2800 Troopers. They have served since 2018 (about 7 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $112,644. Their bargaining unit is MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Detroit Lakes D 2900 Troopers

Base pay

$106,564

Overtime

$4,912

Other pay

$1,148

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,624

Hire date

2003-02-03

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Becker

Isaiah Godding works as a State Patrol Trooper for Public Safety Department within Detroit Lakes D 2900 Troopers. They have served since 2003 (about 22 years) as a full-time employee. Isaiah earned $112,624 in 2025. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Office of Communication 2

Base pay

$112,616

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,616

Hire date

2022-04-25

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

23

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Nicole Roddy is a Communications Supervisor at Public Safety Department within Office of Communication 2. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 3 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $112,616. Their bargaining unit is Middle Management Association.

Sub-department

Marshall D 2300 Troopers

Base pay

$97,809

Overtime

$13,721

Other pay

$1,079

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,609

Hire date

2019-01-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Lyon

At Public Safety Department, Daniel Walker serves as a State Patrol Trooper within Marshall D 2300 Troopers. They have served since 2019 (about 6 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $112,609. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Mnjis Management

Base pay

$112,504

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,504

Hire date

2006-09-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

21

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Amber Niebuhr holds the role of State Program Administrative Director at Public Safety Department within Mnjis Management. Hired in 2006, they have about 19 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $112,504. Union affiliation: Middle Management Association.

Sub-department

OTS Traffic Safety Management

Base pay

$112,504

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,504

Hire date

2007-02-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

21

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, Craig Flynn serves as a State Program Administrative Director within Ots Traffic Safety Management. They have served since 2007 (about 18 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $112,504. Union affiliation: Middle Management Association.

Sub-department

OJP Grants Admin Team

Base pay

$112,504

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,504

Hire date

1997-10-22

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

21

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Gina Washington is a State Program Administrative Director at Public Safety Department within Ojp Grants Administrative Team. They have served since 1997 (about 28 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $112,504. Union affiliation: Middle Management Association.

Sub-department

BCA Lab Chemistry 1

Base pay

$112,285

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,285

Hire date

2007-08-22

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

19

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Rebecca Willis holds the role of Forensic Scientist 3 at Public Safety Department within Bca Lab Chemistry 1. Hired in 2007, they have about 17 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $112,285. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

East Metro D 2400 Troopers

Base pay

$105,403

Overtime

$6,714

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,117

Hire date

2016-09-26

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Washington

Peter Jackson Jr holds the role of State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within East Metro D 2400 Troopers. Hired in 2016, they have about 9 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $112,117. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

West Metro D 2500 Troopers

Base pay

$106,247

Overtime

$5,831

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,078

Hire date

2016-01-25

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Hennepin

Paul Braun works as a State Patrol Trooper for Public Safety Department within West Metro D 2500 Troopers. Hired in 2016, they have about 9 years of service as a full-time employee. Paul earned $112,078 in 2025. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Rochester D2100 Troopers

Base pay

$96,925

Overtime

$14,265

Other pay

$827

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$112,016

Hire date

2019-01-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Olmsted

Quentin O'Reilly is a State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within Rochester D2100 Troopers. They have served since 2019 (about 6 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $112,016. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Duluth D 2700 Troopers

Base pay

$98,886

Overtime

$10,537

Other pay

$2,497

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,919

Hire date

2010-06-17

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

St Louis

Lori Young holds the role of State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within Duluth D 2700 Troopers. Their tenure dates to 2010, about 15 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $111,919. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Fire Code Compliance

Base pay

$101,933

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$9,927

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,859

Hire date

2022-11-09

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, Jodie Ryan serves as a State Program Administrative Supervisor Principal within Fire Code Compliance. Hired in 2022, they have about 3 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $111,859. They are represented by Middle Management Association.

Sub-department

East Metro D 2400 Troopers

Base pay

$103,562

Overtime

$8,275

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,838

Hire date

2015-10-12

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Washington

Jennifer Krier holds the role of State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within East Metro D 2400 Troopers. Their tenure dates to 2015, about 9 years as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $111,838. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Bca Legal Services

Base pay

$111,709

Overtime

$12

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,722

Hire date

1999-11-01

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

19

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, Kobie Hudson serves as a Staff Attorney 2 within Bca Legal Services. Their tenure dates to 1999, about 25 years, working full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $111,722. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

East Metro D 2400 Troopers

Base pay

$92,521

Overtime

$19,155

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,676

Hire date

2021-07-19

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Washington

At Public Safety Department, Andrew Schommer serves as a State Patrol Trooper within East Metro D 2400 Troopers. Hired in 2021, they have about 4 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $111,676. They are represented by MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Fire Invest/Education

Base pay

$90,586

Overtime

$19,212

Other pay

$1,753

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,551

Hire date

2019-05-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

12

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Public Safety Department, John Ray serves as a Deputy State Fire Marshal within Fire Invest/Education. They have served since 2019 (about 6 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $111,551. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

East Metro D 2400 Troopers

Base pay

$100,048

Overtime

$10,161

Other pay

$1,338

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,546

Hire date

2018-08-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Washington

Mark Gill is a State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within East Metro D 2400 Troopers. Their tenure dates to 2018, about 7 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $111,546. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.

Sub-department

Thief River Falls D3200 Troope

Base pay

$96,996

Overtime

$12,153

Other pay

$2,380

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$111,529

Hire date

2018-08-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Law Enforcement Assn

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Pennington

Christopher Fletcher is a State Patrol Trooper at Public Safety Department within Thief River Falls D3200 Troope. They have served since 2018 (about 7 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $111,529. Union affiliation: MN Law Enforcement Assn.