- Base pay
- $74,956
- Overtime
- $298
- Other pay
- $92
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,346
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Fresno
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,135
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5654810762905
- Salary Total
- $6,885
- Total Pay
- $75,346
Carmen Nagel works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Carmen earned $75,346 in 2025. They are represented by R10.
- Base pay
- $75,136
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $175
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,311
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- M
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,135
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5653840762009
- Salary Total
- $6,885
- Total Pay
- $75,311
Jake Aucelluzzo holds the role of Environmental Scientist at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $75,311. Union affiliation: R10.
- Base pay
- $74,669
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $600
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,269
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- M
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,649
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650105393831
- Salary Total
- $6,450
- Total Pay
- $75,269
Valeriy Khramtsov holds the role of Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $75,269. Their bargaining unit is R01.
- Base pay
- $75,259
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,259
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- Merced
- Middle name
- P
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,462
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5654840903303
- Salary Total
- $6,268
- Total Pay
- $75,259
Raymond Cotta Jr works as a Wildlife Habitat Supervisor I for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Raymond earned $75,259 in 2025. Union affiliation: R11.
- Base pay
- $75,259
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,259
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- Riverside
- Middle name
- I
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,462
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5656050903001
- Salary Total
- $6,268
- Total Pay
- $75,259
Richard Francis is a Wildlife Habitat Supervisor I at Fish and Wildlife. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $75,259. Their bargaining unit is R11.
- Base pay
- $66,664
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $8,590
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,254
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- G
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,321
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650370762005
- Salary Total
- $7,704
- Total Pay
- $75,254
Kathryn Ferguson works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Kathryn earned $75,254 in 2025. They are represented by R10.
- Base pay
- $75,259
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- -$25
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,234
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- Humboldt
- Middle name
- F
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,462
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5651810903301
- Salary Total
- $6,268
- Total Pay
- $75,234
William Kemp works as a Wildlife Habitat Supervisor I for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. William earned $75,234 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R11.
- Base pay
- $74,708
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $500
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,208
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- E
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,796
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5652310762001
- Salary Total
- $6,558
- Total Pay
- $75,208
At Fish and Wildlife, Claire Bryant serves as a Environmental Scientist. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $75,208. Union affiliation: R10.
Delany BroomeSenior Environmental Scientist(Specialist)/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $61,922
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $13,285
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,206
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- H
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,982
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650710765045
- Salary Total
- $7,982
- Total Pay
- $75,206
Delany Broome works as a Senior Environmental Scientist(Specialist) for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Delany earned $75,206 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R10.
- Base pay
- $74,677
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $500
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,177
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- W
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,492
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650390762062
- Salary Total
- $6,192
- Total Pay
- $75,177
Wyatt Erwin works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Wyatt earned $75,177 in 2025. They are represented by R10.
- Base pay
- $60,516
- Overtime
- $12,791
- Other pay
- $1,860
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,167
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- Inyo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $5,196
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5656020916015
- Salary Total
- $5,040
- Total Pay
- $75,167
Marco Ambriz holds the role of Fish and Wildlife Technician at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $75,167. Union affiliation: R11.
- Base pay
- $71,036
- Overtime
- $970
- Other pay
- $3,120
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,125
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S11
- Work county
- San Bernardino
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,223
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5656020782012
- Salary Total
- $6,036
- Total Pay
- $75,125
Francisco Esparza works as a Fish Hatchery Manager I for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Francisco earned $75,125 in 2025. They are represented by S11.
Ryan MckimEnvironmental Scientist/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,619
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $500
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,119
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,135
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650330762015
- Salary Total
- $6,885
- Total Pay
- $75,119
Ryan Mckim is a Environmental Scientist at Fish and Wildlife. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $75,119. Union affiliation: R10.
Jeremy PohlmanSenior Environmental Scientist(Specialist)/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,478
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $75,028
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- San Luis Obispo
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,703
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5654310765031
- Salary Total
- $7,703
- Total Pay
- $75,028
Jeremy Pohlman holds the role of Senior Environmental Scientist(Specialist) at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2023, their total compensation was $75,028. They are represented by R10.
- Base pay
- $74,498
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $500
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,998
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- R
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,135
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650380762009
- Salary Total
- $6,885
- Total Pay
- $74,998
Crystal Rigby works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Crystal earned $74,998 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R10.
- Base pay
- $60,516
- Overtime
- $12,562
- Other pay
- $1,867
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,945
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- Mono
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $5,196
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5656020916051
- Salary Total
- $5,040
- Total Pay
- $74,945
Michael Hodel holds the role of Fish and Wildlife Technician at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $74,945. Their bargaining unit is R11.
Casey WilliamsAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,344
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $600
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,944
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- R
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,454
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650385393801
- Salary Total
- $6,454
- Total Pay
- $74,944
Casey Williams is a Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Fish and Wildlife. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $74,944. Union affiliation: R01.
- Base pay
- $74,406
- Overtime
- $11
- Other pay
- $525
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,942
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,399
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650144546808
- Salary Total
- $6,399
- Total Pay
- $74,942
At Fish and Wildlife, Sean Konieczny serves as a Accounting Officer (Specialist). They work full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $74,942. They are represented by R01.
Hillary ParkerAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $72,517
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $2,420
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,937
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,523
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650115393819
- Salary Total
- $6,523
- Total Pay
- $74,937
Hillary Parker works as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Hillary earned $74,937 in 2023. They are represented by R01.
- Base pay
- $56,832
- Overtime
- $5,865
- Other pay
- $12,174
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,872
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- San Diego
- Middle name
- M
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,895
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5655810762905
- Salary Total
- $6,895
- Total Pay
- $74,872
Megan Senour works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Megan earned $74,872 in 2024. They are represented by R10.
- Base pay
- $74,465
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $375
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,840
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- San Joaquin
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,493
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5653310762038
- Salary Total
- $7,231
- Total Pay
- $74,840
At Fish and Wildlife, Emma Catharine Murray serves as a Environmental Scientist. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,840. Their bargaining unit is R10.
- Base pay
- $72,827
- Overtime
- $1,418
- Other pay
- $575
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,819
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- M
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,276
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650715157015
- Salary Total
- $6,088
- Total Pay
- $74,819
Kelley Avilla works as a Staff Services Analyst for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Kelley earned $74,819 in 2025. Union affiliation: R01.
- Base pay
- $73,655
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $1,154
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,809
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Riverside
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,877
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5655810762005
- Salary Total
- $9,232
- Total Pay
- $74,809
Rebecca Barboza holds the role of Environmental Scientist at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $74,809. Their bargaining unit is R10.
Jameela AnbiahAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $66,596
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $8,169
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,764
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- D
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,547
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650395393004
- Salary Total
- $7,321
- Total Pay
- $74,764
At Fish and Wildlife, Jameela Anbiah serves as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,764. Union affiliation: R01.
- Base pay
- $74,189
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $500
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,689
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Fresno
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,796
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5654310762039
- Salary Total
- $6,558
- Total Pay
- $74,689
Austin Fisher works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Austin earned $74,689 in 2025. Union affiliation: R10.
April MalikAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,361
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $300
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,661
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- N
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,649
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650215393001
- Salary Total
- $6,450
- Total Pay
- $74,661
At Fish and Wildlife, April Malik serves as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,661. They are represented by R01.
- Base pay
- $60,560
- Overtime
- $10,235
- Other pay
- $3,865
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,660
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- San Bernardino
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $5,143
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5656020780004
- Salary Total
- $5,143
- Total Pay
- $74,660
At Fish and Wildlife, Francisco Esparza serves as a Fish Habitat Assistant. They work full-time. Their 2023 pay totaled $74,660. They are represented by R11.
Rafiat SalamAssistant Industrial Hygienist/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,125
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $500
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,625
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- I
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,498
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650193855001
- Salary Total
- $6,271
- Total Pay
- $74,625
At Fish and Wildlife, Rafiat Salam serves as a Assistant Industrial Hygienist. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,625. They are represented by R10.
- Base pay
- $74,349
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $250
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,599
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- El Dorado
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,135
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5653230762035
- Salary Total
- $5,897
- Total Pay
- $74,599
Linda Warkentin works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Linda earned $74,599 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R10.
Mikan GosuicoAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $72,166
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $2,420
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,586
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,265
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650265393001
- Salary Total
- $6,265
- Total Pay
- $74,586
Mikan Gosuico works as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Mikan earned $74,586 in 2023. Their bargaining unit is R01.
Monica AquinoSenior Environmental Scientist(Specialist)/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,130
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $450
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,580
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- O
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,562
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650390765104
- Salary Total
- $9,562
- Total Pay
- $74,580
At Fish and Wildlife, Monica Aquino serves as a Senior Environmental Scientist(Specialist). They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,580. Union affiliation: R10.
- Base pay
- $74,265
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $200
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,465
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- San Diego
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,566
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5655310762029
- Salary Total
- $6,566
- Total Pay
- $74,465
At Fish and Wildlife, Jennifer Blackhall serves as a Environmental Scientist. They work full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $74,465. Their bargaining unit is R10.
- Base pay
- $60,516
- Overtime
- $12,068
- Other pay
- $1,860
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,444
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R11
- Work county
- Fresno
- Middle name
- S
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $5,196
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5654430916011
- Salary Total
- $5,040
- Total Pay
- $74,444
At Fish and Wildlife, Wesley Peters serves as a Fish and Wildlife Technician. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,444. They are represented by R11.
Jillian JamiAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $73,746
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $600
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,346
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- D
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,649
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650275393800
- Salary Total
- $6,450
- Total Pay
- $74,346
Jillian Jami works as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Jillian earned $74,346 in 2025. They are represented by R01.
Samuel GnatyukAssociate Governmental Program Analyst/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $73,746
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $600
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,346
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- W
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,649
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650105393821
- Salary Total
- $6,450
- Total Pay
- $74,346
Samuel Gnatyuk holds the role of Associate Governmental Program Analyst at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $74,346. They are represented by R01.
- Base pay
- $69,446
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $4,859
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,304
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Monterey
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,694
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5657720762100
- Salary Total
- $6,694
- Total Pay
- $74,304
At Fish and Wildlife, Danielle Cantrell Holcomb serves as a Environmental Scientist. They work full-time. Their 2023 pay totaled $74,304. Their bargaining unit is R10.
- Base pay
- $73,646
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $600
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,246
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- C
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,694
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650390762055
- Salary Total
- $6,694
- Total Pay
- $74,246
At Fish and Wildlife, Caroline Larsen serves as a Environmental Scientist. They work full-time. Their 2023 pay totaled $74,246. Union affiliation: R10.
Megan BollaResearch Data Specialist I/Fish and Wildlife
- Base pay
- $74,236
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,236
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- B
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,666
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5650405742003
- Salary Total
- $7,436
- Total Pay
- $74,236
Megan Bolla holds the role of Research Data Specialist I at Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $74,236. Union affiliation: R01.
- Base pay
- $73,090
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $1,114
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,203
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Napa
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $6,276
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5653115157002
- Salary Total
- $6,088
- Total Pay
- $74,203
At Fish and Wildlife, Ephraim Johnson serves as a Staff Services Analyst. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $74,203. Union affiliation: R01.
- Base pay
- $73,701
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $450
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $74,151
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R10
- Work county
- Sonoma
- Middle name
- E
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,492
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 5657720762087
- Salary Total
- $7,230
- Total Pay
- $74,151
Ian Pritchard works as a Environmental Scientist for Fish and Wildlife. Their status is full-time. Ian earned $74,151 in 2025. They are represented by R10.