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California / Social Services / Staff Services Manager I

Job-title file

Staff Services Manager I

Lead staff and operations — set priorities, allocate resources, and oversee program delivery.

664 employees hold this title in Social Services. Median total compensation for the role is $96,351, above the department median of $83,672.

Employees
664
Total payroll
$59.9M
Role median
$96,351
Agency median
$83,672
Comparison
Above

What the records show

Role pay distribution

Pay distribution for this role

$0$109,981+

Hover a bar for its range; click to filter the list below.

How total compensation varies among the 664 people in this role. Even for one job title, pay differs with seniority, step, overtime, and tenure. Each bar is a pay range; the far-right bar collects the highest earners.

Compare departments

This role across California

Staff Services Manager I is held in 156 California departments. In Social Services, the median of $96,351 ranks #88 of 156.

Highest-paying departments for this role

Median total compensation for the Staff Services Manager I role in other Californiadepartments (highest first). Each bar links to that department’s page for this role.

Record list

Employees with this title

Page 3

Cynthia Tibbetts

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8008964800001
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Cynthia Tibbetts is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,484. They are represented by S01.

Chong Vang

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8008964800002
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

At Social Services, Chong Vang serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $107,484. Union affiliation: S01.

Sue Thao

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Fresno

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002524800002
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

At Social Services, Sue Thao serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $107,484. Union affiliation: S01.

Kevin Waite

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
D

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006914800005
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Kevin Waite is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,484. They are represented by E48.

Deirdre Wheeler

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8009094800001
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Deirdre Wheeler holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,484. Union affiliation: S01.

Terece Williams

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8008114800030
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Terece Williams holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,484. Union affiliation: S01.

Josephine Wilson

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002644800005
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Josephine Wilson holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,484. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Beverly Bueno

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
D

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006404800007
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Beverly Bueno is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,484. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Sarah Coldwell

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006964800006
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

At Social Services, Sarah Coldwell serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $107,484. They are represented by E48.

Teresa Escoto

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002344800010
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Teresa Escoto holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,484. Union affiliation: E48.

Jessica Gee

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006914800009
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Jessica Gee holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,484. They are represented by S01.

Natasha Mcgee

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8000274800001
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Natasha Mcgee works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Natasha earned $107,484 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Lori Underwood

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,484
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,484
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002514800015
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,484

Lori Underwood works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Lori earned $107,484 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Sean Weston

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,479
Base pay
$103,759
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,479
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
P

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8008144800012
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,479

Sean Weston is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,479. They are represented by S01.

Matthew Franklin

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,434
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,434
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
T

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002644800008
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,434

Matthew Franklin holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,434. Union affiliation: S01.

John Mason

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,434
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,434
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8008084800002
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,434

John Mason holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,434. They are represented by S01.

Roseflor O'Connor

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,434
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,434
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002624800008
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,434

Roseflor O'Connor is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,434. They are represented by S01.

Marilyn Ramirez

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,434
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,434
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Fresno
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002544800001
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,434

At Social Services, Marilyn Ramirez serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $107,434. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Mong Vang

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,434
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,434
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006534800013
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,434

Mong Vang is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,434. They are represented by E48.

Andrea Willits

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,434
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,434
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
B

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006614800002
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,434

Andrea Willits works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Andrea earned $107,434 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is E48.

Rodrigo Villacorta

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,387
Base pay
$106,007
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$1,380
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,387
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,741
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006774800005
Salary Total
$9,353
Total Pay
$107,387

Rodrigo Villacorta is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,387. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Jamie Poulton

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,384
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,620
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,384
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006534800913
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,384

Jamie Poulton holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,384. They are represented by S01.

Dhiraj Shandil

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,384
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,620
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,384
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
P

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8000614800001
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,384

Dhiraj Shandil works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Dhiraj earned $107,384 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Leanne Zuniga

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,384
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,620
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,384
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Los Angeles
Middle name
M

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002524800019
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,384

Leanne Zuniga works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Leanne earned $107,384 in 2025. Union affiliation: E48.

Adam Scherer

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,362
Base pay
$99,918
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$7,443
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,362
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,718
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006134800001
Salary Total
$8,456
Total Pay
$107,362

Adam Scherer holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,362. They are represented by S01.

Robert Hom

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,234
Base pay
$101,197
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$6,036
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,234
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8003714800003
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,234

Robert Hom is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,234. Union affiliation: S01.

Richard Yrigoyen

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,184
Base pay
$103,764
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,420
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,184
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8009094800003
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,184

Richard Yrigoyen holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,184. They are represented by S01.

Karrin West

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,173
Base pay
$103,453
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,173
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
K

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006654800004
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,173

Karrin West works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Karrin earned $107,173 in 2025. They are represented by S01.

Paige Johnson

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,150
Base pay
$103,430
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,150
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006654800910
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,150

Paige Johnson holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,150. Union affiliation: E48.

Marta Platt

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,109
Base pay
$103,389
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,109
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8005214800910
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,109

At Social Services, Marta Platt serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $107,109. They are represented by E48.

Alex Moore

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,072
Base pay
$103,352
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,072
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
J

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002514800014
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,072

Alex Moore is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $107,072. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Esmeralda Santos

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$107,022
Base pay
$103,352
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$107,022
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8003534800500
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$107,022

Esmeralda Santos holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $107,022. They are represented by E48.

Korena Downing-Hazen

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,952
Base pay
$103,232
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,952
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
L

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8005514800011
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,952

At Social Services, Korena Downing-Hazen serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $106,952. Union affiliation: E48.

Angela Blackney

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,937
Base pay
$102,419
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$4,518
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,937
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
C

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006134800002
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,937

At Social Services, Angela Blackney serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $106,937. Union affiliation: S01.

Ciara Phillips

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,920
Base pay
$103,200
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,920
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
E

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8002514800024
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,920

At Social Services, Ciara Phillips serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $106,920. Union affiliation: E48.

Michael Brooks

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,870
Base pay
$103,200
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,870
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
S

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8008064800007
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,870

Michael Brooks works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Michael earned $106,870 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Sarah Wade

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2024 total comp
$106,804
Base pay
$102,165
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$4,639
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,804
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
E48
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
A

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,650
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8006964800006
Salary Total
$8,650
Total Pay
$106,804

Sarah Wade is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $106,804. Union affiliation: E48.

Tino Nunez

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,732
Base pay
$103,012
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,732
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
R

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8004494800001
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,732

Tino Nunez holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $106,732. Their bargaining unit is S01.

Julie Brownfield

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,682
Base pay
$103,012
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,670
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,682
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento
Middle name
C

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8000504800910
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,682

Julie Brownfield is a Staff Services Manager I at Social Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $106,682. They are represented by S01.

Khonesavanh Lattasima

Staff Services Manager I/Social Services

2025 total comp
$106,649
Base pay
$102,929
Overtime
$0
Other pay
$3,720
Benefits
$0
Total compensation
$106,649
Employment type
Full-Time
Union / bargaining unit
S01
Work county
Sacramento

Source-specific fields

Base Pay
$8,910
Cs/csu
Cs
Position Number
8000214800002
Salary Total
$8,643
Total Pay
$106,649

Khonesavanh Lattasima works as a Staff Services Manager I for Social Services. Their status is full-time. Khonesavanh earned $106,649 in 2025. They are represented by S01.