Human Services Department

Sub-department

HCA HCEO Customer Srvc 2

Base pay

$65,955

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,955

Hire date

2018-11-28

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

66

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Dia Thao works as a MN Health Insurance Program Representative 1 for Human Services Department within Hca Hceo Customer Service 2. They have served since 2018 (about 7 years) as a full-time employee. Dia earned $65,955 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is Technical.

Sub-department

Forensics Rehab Services

Base pay

$64,950

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$1,000

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,950

Hire date

2005-09-07

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

68

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.9

Work county

Nicollet

Jacquelyn Jenson is a Certified Occup Therapy Assistant 2 at Human Services Department within Forensics Rehab Services. Their tenure dates to 2005, about 19 years, working part-time, 0.9 FTE. 2024 total compensation came to $65,950. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Forestview

Base pay

$45,745

Overtime

$11,681

Other pay

$8,511

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,937

Hire date

2022-04-13

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.75

Work county

Crow Wing

At Human Services Department, Kari Tscheu serves as a Behavior Modification Assistant within Msocs Fc Forestview. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 2 years, working part-time, 0.75 FTE. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,937. Union affiliation: Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

Building Mechanics

Base pay

$62,165

Overtime

$3,764

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,929

Hire date

2020-04-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

87

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

Bradley Wolbersen works as a General Repair Worker for Human Services Department within Building Mechanics. Hired in 2020, they have about 4 years of service as a full-time employee. Bradley earned $65,929 in 2024. Their bargaining unit is Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

DCT St Peter Building Maintnce

Base pay

$65,726

Overtime

$190

Other pay

$10

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,926

Hire date

1995-05-24

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

90

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

Joey Olson is a Painter at Human Services Department within Dct St Peter Building Maintnce. Their tenure dates to 1995, about 29 years, working full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $65,926. Union affiliation: Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

Unit C

Base pay

$54,792

Overtime

$10,593

Other pay

$537

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,922

Hire date

2018-09-05

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

Brittany Narloch works as a Mental Health Program Assistant for Human Services Department within Unit C. Their tenure dates to 2018, about 6 years as a full-time employee. Brittany earned $65,922 in 2024. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Parkview

Base pay

$41,043

Overtime

$14,844

Other pay

$10,029

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,916

Hire date

2022-09-14

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.75

Work county

Mower

At Human Services Department, Haley Helland serves as a Behavior Modification Assistant within Msocs Fc Parkview. They have served since 2022 (about 2 years), working part-time, 0.75 FTE. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,916. Union affiliation: Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

OIG DSAI Prod Experience & Ops

Base pay

$65,352

Overtime

$557

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,910

Hire date

2023-11-08

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

11

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Human Services Department, Max Roberts serves as a Human Services Program Representative 1 within Oig Dsai Prod Experience & Operations. They have served since 2023 (about 2 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $65,910. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

MSOP SP Residential Sups

Base pay

$62,038

Overtime

$1,462

Other pay

$2,407

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,906

Hire date

2020-05-13

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

73

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

Dylan Drager is a Security Counselor Lead at Human Services Department within Msop Sp Residential Sups. They have served since 2020 (about 4 years), working full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $65,906. Union affiliation: Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOP Records Management

Base pay

$65,165

Overtime

$706

Other pay

$30

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,902

Hire date

2017-05-19

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Carlton

Jennifer Sasik is a State Program Administrative Technician Specialist at Human Services Department within Msop Records Management. Their tenure dates to 2017, about 7 years, working full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $65,902. Union affiliation: Technical.

Sub-department

Hum Res DCT Ops Supp Staff

Base pay

$65,136

Overtime

$751

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,886

Hire date

2022-11-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Confidential

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Human Services Department, Sara Bakken serves as a Human Resources Technician 2 within Hum Res Dct Operations Supp Staff. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 2 years, working full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,886. Union affiliation: Confidential.

Sub-department

CBHH Fergus Falls Nursing

Base pay

$56,339

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$9,541

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,880

Hire date

1988-12-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

57

Union / bargaining unit

MN Nurses Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Otter Tail

At Human Services Department, Bonnie Gebhart serves as a Registered Nurse within Cbhh Fergus Falls Nursing. Hired in 1988, they have about 37 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $65,880. They are represented by MN Nurses Association.

Sub-department

Security Services A

Base pay

$61,505

Overtime

$3,083

Other pay

$1,292

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,879

Hire date

2014-04-23

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

69

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

Ashley Maas works as a Security Counselor for Human Services Department within Security Services A. Their tenure dates to 2014, about 10 years as a full-time employee. Ashley earned $65,879 in 2024. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOP ML Transport Team

Base pay

$65,154

Overtime

$697

Other pay

$19

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,870

Hire date

2006-05-08

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

69

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Carlton

Jeremiah Opland holds the role of Security Counselor at Human Services Department within Msop Ml Transport Team. They have served since 2006 (about 18 years) as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $65,870. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

AMRTC Behavioral Services 2

Base pay

$63,522

Overtime

$1,870

Other pay

$435

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,827

Hire date

2017-11-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

5

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

Shannon Laske is a Behavior Analyst 1 at Human Services Department within Amrtc Behavioral Services 2. They have served since 2017 (about 7 years), working full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $65,827. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Afton

Base pay

$53,375

Overtime

$6,725

Other pay

$5,723

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,824

Hire date

2008-05-12

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.75

Work county

Washington

At Human Services Department, Victor Essiet serves as a Behavior Modification Assistant within Msocs Fc Afton. They have served since 2008 (about 16 years), working part-time, 0.75 FTE. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,824. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

CFS CS&P Title IV-E Programs

Base pay

$65,821

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,821

Hire date

2015-05-04

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

11

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Norman

Deborah Miller works as a Human Services Program Representative 1 for Human Services Department within Cfs Cs&P Title Iv-E Programs. Hired in 2015, they have about 9 years of service as a full-time employee. Deborah earned $65,821 in 2024. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

BHDH DHHS Planners

Base pay

$64,516

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$1,300

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,816

Hire date

2023-03-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Clay

Jamie Burke holds the role of Sign Language Interpreter Specialist at Human Services Department within Bhdh Dhhs Planners. Their tenure dates to 2023, about 2 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $65,816. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Jennifer

Base pay

$55,538

Overtime

$5,619

Other pay

$4,658

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,815

Hire date

2016-12-09

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

St Louis

James Lehikoinen is a Behavior Modification Assistant at Human Services Department within Msocs Fc Jennifer. Hired in 2016, they have about 8 years of service, working full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $65,815. Union affiliation: Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

HCA NavigatorAssistorResource

Base pay

$65,809

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,809

Hire date

2019-09-04

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

68

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Jodi Rajkowski holds the role of MN Health Insurance Program Representative 2 at Human Services Department within Hca Navigatorassistorresource. Hired in 2019, they have about 6 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $65,809. Their bargaining unit is Technical.

Sub-department

Appeals Paralegal Supv

Base pay

$65,809

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,809

Hire date

2017-09-11

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

73

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Human Services Department, Kristin Chepp-Heir serves as a Paralegal within Appeals Paralegal Supervisor. Hired in 2017, they have about 8 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $65,809. They are represented by Technical.

Sub-department

HCA HCEO Processing 7

Base pay

$65,790

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,790

Hire date

2016-07-06

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

68

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Andrea Holmes works as a MN Health Insurance Program Representative 2 for Human Services Department within Hca Hceo Processing 7. Hired in 2016, they have about 9 years of service as a full-time employee. Andrea earned $65,790 in 2025. They are represented by Technical.

Sub-department

CARE Anoka Pgm Couns

Base pay

$65,788

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,788

Hire date

2022-04-13

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

14

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

Donald Shope Jr holds the role of Clinical Program Therapist 3 at Human Services Department within Care Anoka Pgm Counselor. Hired in 2022, they have about 2 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $65,788. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

BHDH CrisisServicesGrant&Polic

Base pay

$65,784

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,784

Hire date

2024-08-05

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

14

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Human Services Department, Kayla Shappell serves as a Human Services Program Representative 2 within Bhdh Crisisservicesgrant&Polic. Hired in 2024, they have about a year of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $65,784. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

MSOP SP A Team 3rd Watch

Base pay

$54,670

Overtime

$7,988

Other pay

$3,119

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,776

Hire date

2021-04-14

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

69

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

Brandon Larson holds the role of Security Counselor at Human Services Department within Msop Sp a Team 3Rd Watch. Hired in 2021, they have about 3 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $65,776. Union affiliation: Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC South Stevens

Base pay

$55,186

Overtime

$5,456

Other pay

$5,099

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,742

Hire date

2019-07-24

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.75

Work county

Hennepin

Jeremie English is a Mental Health Program Assistant at Human Services Department within Msocs Fc South Stevens. Hired in 2019, they have about 5 years of service, working part-time, 0.75 FTE. 2024 total compensation came to $65,742. Union affiliation: Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

Nutrition Services Office

Base pay

$63,239

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$2,500

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,739

Hire date

2022-09-14

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

10

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

Mahlech Ojulu holds the role of Dietitian 1 at Human Services Department within Nutrition Services Office. They have served since 2022 (about 2 years) as a part-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $65,739. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

DCT St Peter Building Maintnce

Base pay

$65,726

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$10

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,737

Hire date

2006-04-12

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

90

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

At Human Services Department, Mitchell Olson serves as a Painter within Dct St Peter Building Maintnce. They have served since 2006 (about 18 years), working full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,737. They are represented by Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

Building Mechanics

Base pay

$65,726

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,726

Hire date

2015-12-16

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

90

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

At Human Services Department, Daniel Briseno serves as a Painter within Building Mechanics. Hired in 2015, they have about 9 years of service, working full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,726. They are represented by Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

MSOP ML Hskping/Gen Maint

Base pay

$65,726

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,726

Hire date

2010-07-12

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

90

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Carlton

Kory Schmidt holds the role of Painter at Human Services Department within Msop Ml Hskping/Gen Maintenance. They have served since 2010 (about 14 years) as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $65,726. Union affiliation: Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

AMH Anoka Float Pool

Base pay

$50,588

Overtime

$9,090

Other pay

$6,042

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,720

Hire date

2021-02-03

Employment type

Intermittent

Pay grade

57

Union / bargaining unit

MN Nurses Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.1

Work county

Anoka

Clauris Kum is a Registered Nurse at Human Services Department within Amh Anoka Float Pool. Their tenure dates to 2021, about 3 years, working intermittent, 0.1 FTE. 2024 total compensation came to $65,720. Union affiliation: MN Nurses Association.

Sub-department

FOD IOC Team 2

Base pay

$58,204

Overtime

$7,508

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,713

Hire date

2000-09-11

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

62

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Human Services Department, Jason Tiemann serves as a Inserting Machine Operator Lea within Fod Ioc Team 2. They have served since 2000 (about 25 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $65,713. Their bargaining unit is Clerical.

Sub-department

MSOP SP CPS Ops 1st Watch

Base pay

$53,377

Overtime

$7,609

Other pay

$4,725

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,711

Hire date

2021-12-08

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

69

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

Garrett O'Brien works as a Security Counselor for Human Services Department within Msop Sp Cps Operations 1St Watch. They have served since 2021 (about 3 years) as a full-time employee. Garrett earned $65,711 in 2024. They are represented by Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Lakeland 2

Base pay

$59,221

Overtime

$3,435

Other pay

$3,024

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,680

Hire date

2005-02-22

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Kandiyohi

Janel Mohrmann works as a Behavior Modification Assistant for Human Services Department within Msocs Fc Lakeland 2. Their tenure dates to 2005, about 19 years as a full-time employee. Janel earned $65,680 in 2024. They are represented by Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

DCT St Peter Building Maintnce

Base pay

$65,671

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$2

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,673

Hire date

1999-06-01

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

90

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Nicollet

At Human Services Department, Daniel Vortherms serves as a Carpenter within Dct St Peter Building Maintnce. They have served since 1999 (about 25 years), working full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,673. Union affiliation: Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

HCA HCEO Processing 10

Base pay

$65,645

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,645

Hire date

2017-08-30

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

5

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Crow Wing

Kimberly Powers is a Human Services Program Specialist 1 at Human Services Department within Hca Hceo Processing 10. Their tenure dates to 2017, about 8 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $65,645. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

DCT Health Equity

Base pay

$60,833

Overtime

$1,209

Other pay

$3,596

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,639

Hire date

2023-02-01

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

14

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Dominique Evans is a Human Services Program Representative 2 at Human Services Department within Dct Health Equity. Their tenure dates to 2023, about 2 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $65,639. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Center City

Base pay

$52,063

Overtime

$6,523

Other pay

$7,032

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,618

Hire date

2023-05-10

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.75

Work county

Chisago

At Human Services Department, Dauda Ibrahim serves as a Behavior Modification Assistant within Msocs Fc Center City. Hired in 2023, they have about a year of service, working part-time, 0.75 FTE. Their 2024 pay totaled $65,618. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

MSOCS FC Shady Grove

Base pay

$53,338

Overtime

$7,704

Other pay

$4,567

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,609

Hire date

2021-10-27

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

68

Union / bargaining unit

Health Care Non Professional

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Mower

Allyson Stanek holds the role of Residential Program Lead at Human Services Department within Msocs Fc Shady Grove. Hired in 2021, they have about 3 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $65,609. Their bargaining unit is Health Care Non Professional.

Sub-department

HCA HCEO Processing 4

Base pay

$64,795

Overtime

$813

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$65,609

Hire date

2017-09-27

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

68

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Crow Wing

At Human Services Department, Cassie Mertens serves as a MN Health Insurance Program Representative 2 within Hca Hceo Processing 4. Their tenure dates to 2017, about 8 years, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $65,609. Union affiliation: Technical.