Natural Resources Department

Sub-department

PAT-R3 Wild River Asst

Base pay

$56,155

Overtime

$1,099

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,254

Hire date

2017-05-12

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

7

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Chisago

Sean Hoppes is a Interpret Naturalist 2 at Natural Resources Department within Pat-R3 Wild River Assistant. Their tenure dates to 2017, about 8 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $57,254. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

FOR R1 Park Rapids Staff

Base pay

$48,207

Overtime

$4,304

Other pay

$4,725

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,236

Hire date

2022-09-14

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

64

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Hubbard

Ashley Running is a Office & Administrative Specialist Senior at Natural Resources Department within For R1 Park Rapids Staff. Hired in 2022, they have about 3 years of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $57,236. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

DNR Diversity Equity Inclusion

Base pay

$57,228

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,228

Hire date

2023-08-02

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

14

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

May Yang-Lee holds the role of State Program Administrative Principal at Natural Resources Department within Dnr Diversity Equity Inclusion. Hired in 2023, they have about a year of service as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $57,228. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

ECO Waters Admin Unit

Base pay

$55,359

Overtime

$1,841

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,199

Hire date

2012-10-29

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

64

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Natural Resources Department, Dawn Keegan serves as a Accounting Technician within Eco Waters Administrative Unit. Their tenure dates to 2012, about 12 years, working full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $57,199. Union affiliation: Technical.

Sub-department

OSD HR ES Staffing

Base pay

$57,157

Overtime

$41

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,198

Hire date

2022-05-16

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

7

Union / bargaining unit

Confidential

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Natural Resources Department, Victoria Hansen serves as a Human Resources Specialist 1 within Osd HR Es Staffing. Hired in 2022, they have about 3 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $57,198. Union affiliation: Confidential.

Sub-department

Enforcement-Safety Training

Base pay

$56,199

Overtime

$997

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,196

Hire date

2023-12-11

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Morrison

Sara Pusc works as a Office & Administrative Specialist Int for Natural Resources Department within Enforcement-Safety Training. Hired in 2023, they have about 2 years of service as a full-time employee. Sara earned $57,196 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is Clerical.

Sub-department

PAT-R4 Blue Mounds Staff 1

Base pay

$56,897

Overtime

$142

Other pay

$139

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,177

Hire date

2014-05-14

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

7

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Rock

Tiffany Muellner is a Interpret Naturalist 2 at Natural Resources Department within Pat-R4 Blue Mounds Staff 1. They have served since 2014 (about 11 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $57,177. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

ECO Waters R1 SNA Staff

Base pay

$53,013

Overtime

$823

Other pay

$3,339

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,175

Hire date

2022-09-08

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Otter Tail

Daniel Herrmann is a Nr Technician Wildlife at Natural Resources Department within Eco Waters R1 Sna Staff. They have served since 2022 (about 3 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $57,175. Their bargaining unit is Technical.

Sub-department

FOR R3 Lake City Staff

Base pay

$56,551

Overtime

$169

Other pay

$282

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$57,001

Hire date

2023-02-27

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

66

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Houston

John Smorstad is a Nr Technician Forestry at Natural Resources Department within For R3 Lake City Staff. Their tenure dates to 2023, about 2 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $57,001. Union affiliation: Technical.

Sub-department

FOR R3 Rochester

Base pay

$56,178

Overtime

$780

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,958

Hire date

2021-09-15

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

64

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Natural Resources Department, Caitlin Espersen serves as a Office & Administrative Specialist Senior within For R3 Rochester. They have served since 2021 (about 4 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $56,958. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

F&W Wildlife Animal Damage

Base pay

$56,907

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,907

Hire date

2022-12-14

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Crow Wing

Franklin Whittaker works as a Nr Specialist Int Wl for Natural Resources Department within F&W Wildlife Animal Damage. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 3 years as a full-time employee. Franklin earned $56,907 in 2025. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

PAT-R3 Wm O'Brien Asst

Base pay

$56,891

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,891

Hire date

2023-02-01

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

7

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Washington

Elizabeth Nelson holds the role of Interpret Naturalist 2 at Natural Resources Department within Pat-R3 Wm O'brien Assistant. Their tenure dates to 2023, about 2 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,891. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Enforcement-Safety Training

Base pay

$56,335

Overtime

$549

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,884

Hire date

2015-10-26

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Morrison

Brenda Mrosla holds the role of Central Services Administrative Specialist Inter at Natural Resources Department within Enforcement-Safety Training. Their tenure dates to 2015, about 10 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,884. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

F&W Roving Crew-Reg 1

Base pay

$56,274

Overtime

$185

Other pay

$414

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,874

Hire date

2016-10-05

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

86

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Polk

Alyssa Schmid holds the role of Laborer Trades & Equipment at Natural Resources Department within F&W Roving Crew-Reg 1. They have served since 2016 (about 8 years) as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $56,874. Union affiliation: Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

L&M Regional Ops -Gr Rapids

Base pay

$56,836

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,836

Hire date

2024-01-04

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Tanya Alemu is a Realty Specialist at Natural Resources Department within L&M Regional Ops -Gr Rapids. Hired in 2024, they have about a year of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,836. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

DNR Tribal Relations Staff

Base pay

$56,818

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,818

Hire date

2024-09-30

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

14

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Brown

Mathew Pendleton holds the role of Planner Principal State at Natural Resources Department within Dnr Tribal Relations Staff. They have served since 2024 (about a year) as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,818. They are represented by MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

OSD OCO Information Center

Base pay

$56,335

Overtime

$481

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,816

Hire date

2001-06-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Elina Kuusisto is a Customer Services Specialist Int at Natural Resources Department within Osd Oco Information Center. They have served since 2001 (about 24 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,816. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

OSD HR Operations

Base pay

$55,703

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$1,092

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,795

Hire date

2023-05-24

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

63

Union / bargaining unit

Confidential

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Jessica Story holds the role of Human Resources Technician 1 at Natural Resources Department within Osd HR Operations. Their tenure dates to 2023, about 2 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,795. They are represented by Confidential.

Sub-department

PAT-R1 Lake Bronson Staff

Base pay

$56,335

Overtime

$425

Other pay

$35

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,795

Hire date

2008-04-02

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Kittson

Diane Peterson holds the role of Office & Administrative Specialist Int at Natural Resources Department within Pat-R1 Lake Bronson Staff. Hired in 2008, they have about 17 years of service as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,795. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

DNR General Counsel

Base pay

$56,791

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,791

Hire date

2019-08-26

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

16

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Nicholas Redmond is a Staff Attorney 1 at Natural Resources Department within Dnr General Counsel. Their tenure dates to 2019, about 6 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,791. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

PAT R2A Staff

Base pay

$55,855

Overtime

$164

Other pay

$710

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,729

Hire date

2023-12-06

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

86

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Itasca

Grant Lemahieu works as a Laborer Trades & Equipment for Natural Resources Department within Pat R2A Staff. Hired in 2023, they have about 2 years of service as a full-time employee. Grant earned $56,729 in 2025. They are represented by Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

OSD OCO Information Center

Base pay

$56,335

Overtime

$386

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,721

Hire date

2006-06-05

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Barbara Hoverman works as a Customer Services Specialist Int for Natural Resources Department within Osd Oco Information Center. They have served since 2006 (about 19 years) as a full-time employee. Barbara earned $56,721 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is Clerical.

Sub-department

F&W WL Wetland Complex Staff

Base pay

$56,694

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,694

Hire date

2015-05-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

6

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Pope

Jacob Rambow is a Nr Specialist Wl at Natural Resources Department within F&W Wl Wetland Complex Staff. Their tenure dates to 2015, about 10 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,694. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

WL-R2 Cloquet/Duluth Staff

Base pay

$56,118

Overtime

$529

Other pay

$22

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,669

Hire date

2024-03-13

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Carlton

Susan Burda is a Office & Administrative Specialist Int at Natural Resources Department within Wl-R2 Cloquet/Duluth Staff. Hired in 2024, they have about a year of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,669. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

PAT-R2 Tettegouche Asst

Base pay

$56,339

Overtime

$325

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,665

Hire date

1995-05-03

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Lake

Paula Fredrickson is a Office & Administrative Specialist Int at Natural Resources Department within Pat-R2 Tettegouche Assistant. They have served since 1995 (about 30 years), working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,665. Union affiliation: Clerical.

Sub-department

OSD OCO Info Ctr One Call

Base pay

$56,335

Overtime

$325

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,660

Hire date

2022-05-02

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

At Natural Resources Department, Katie Harich serves as a Customer Services Specialist Int within Osd Oco Information Center One Call. They have served since 2022 (about 3 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $56,660. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

OSD OP Business Office Staff

Base pay

$56,454

Overtime

$202

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,656

Hire date

2022-12-07

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

5

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Ramsey

Francis Koroma holds the role of Accounting Officer at Natural Resources Department within Osd Op Business Office Staff. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 3 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,656. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

PAT-R3 Father Hennepin Staff

Base pay

$54,566

Overtime

$2,066

Other pay

$18

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,650

Hire date

2019-05-20

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

60

Union / bargaining unit

Service

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.9

Work county

Mille Lacs

Jenna Johnson works as a Parks & Trails Associate for Natural Resources Department within Pat-R3 Father Hennepin Staff. They have served since 2019 (about 6 years) as a part-time, 0.9 FTE employee. Jenna earned $56,650 in 2025. Union affiliation: Service.

Sub-department

WL-R1 Detroit Lakes Staff

Base pay

$55,587

Overtime

$1,014

Other pay

$35

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,636

Hire date

2023-12-06

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

86

Union / bargaining unit

Craft, Maintenance, Labor

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Becker

Peyton Syverson works as a Laborer Trades & Equipment for Natural Resources Department within Wl-R1 Detroit Lakes Staff. They have served since 2023 (about 2 years) as a full-time employee. Peyton earned $56,636 in 2025. Union affiliation: Craft, Maintenance, Labor.

Sub-department

ECO Waters Stream Habitat

Base pay

$56,612

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,612

Hire date

2016-05-16

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Otter Tail

Brian Mason holds the role of Nr Specialist Int Eco Services at Natural Resources Department within Eco Waters Stream Habitat. They have served since 2016 (about 9 years) as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,612. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

FOR R2 Sandstone Asst Staff

Base pay

$38,100

Overtime

$14,920

Other pay

$3,574

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,595

Hire date

2016-03-23

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

60

Union / bargaining unit

Service

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Pine

At Natural Resources Department, Meghan Ring serves as a Nr Forest Fire Resp Lead within For R2 Sandstone Assistant Staff. Hired in 2016, they have about 9 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $56,595. Union affiliation: Service.

Sub-department

F&W Purchasing

Base pay

$56,585

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,585

Hire date

2023-11-08

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

64

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Otter Tail

Jane Nyberg is a Accounting Technician at Natural Resources Department within F&W Purchasing. Their tenure dates to 2023, about 2 years, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,585. Union affiliation: Technical.

Sub-department

PAT-R1 Itasca Asst

Base pay

$56,480

Overtime

$103

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,583

Hire date

2024-03-18

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

5

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Hubbard

Emily Mcdougall is a Accounting Officer at Natural Resources Department within Pat-R1 Itasca Assistant. Hired in 2024, they have about a year of service, working full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $56,583. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Fish-R2 Grand Marais Staff

Base pay

$56,565

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,565

Hire date

2023-12-06

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Cook

Edward Carlson works as a Nr Specialist Int Fisheries for Natural Resources Department within Fish-R2 Grand Marais Staff. They have served since 2023 (about 2 years) as a full-time employee. Edward earned $56,565 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

ECO Waters Mussel Program

Base pay

$56,551

Overtime

$0

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,551

Hire date

2023-05-15

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

8

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Goodhue

Isabel Boyce works as a Nr Specialist Int Eco Services for Natural Resources Department within Eco Waters Mussel Program. They have served since 2023 (about 2 years) as a full-time employee. Isabel earned $56,551 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

ECO Waters R2 Coastal Zone

Base pay

$56,335

Overtime

$203

Other pay

$10

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,548

Hire date

2001-12-19

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Lake

At Natural Resources Department, Marcia Cardone-Mohar serves as a Office & Administrative Specialist Int within Eco Waters R2 Coastal Zone. Hired in 2001, they have about 24 years of service, working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $56,548. Union affiliation: Clerical.

Sub-department

WL-R3 Forest Lake Staff

Base pay

$56,118

Overtime

$407

Other pay

$12

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,536

Hire date

2013-02-20

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

61

Union / bargaining unit

Clerical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Anoka

At Natural Resources Department, Diane Olson serves as a Office & Administrative Specialist Int within Wl-R3 Forest Lake Staff. They have served since 2013 (about 12 years), working full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $56,536. They are represented by Clerical.

Sub-department

Fish-R2 Tower Staff

Base pay

$54,598

Overtime

$855

Other pay

$1,042

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,494

Hire date

2022-01-03

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

6

Union / bargaining unit

MN Assoc of Professional Empl

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

St Louis

Kamden Glade holds the role of Nr Specialist Fisheries at Natural Resources Department within Fish-R2 Tower Staff. Their tenure dates to 2022, about 3 years as a full-time employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,494. Union affiliation: MN Assoc of Professional Empl.

Sub-department

Fish-R2 Brainerd FieldOp Staff

Base pay

$53,696

Overtime

$2,788

Other pay

$0

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,484

Hire date

2018-04-23

Employment type

Part-Time

Pay grade

65

Union / bargaining unit

Technical

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

0.9

Work county

Crow Wing

Ann Danielson holds the role of Nr Technician Wildlife at Natural Resources Department within Fish-R2 Brainerd Fieldop Staff. They have served since 2018 (about 7 years) as a part-time, 0.9 FTE employee. In 2025, their total compensation was $56,484. They are represented by Technical.

Sub-department

Fish-R1 Walker

Base pay

$53,107

Overtime

$93

Other pay

$3,213

Benefits

$0

Total compensation

$56,412

Hire date

2003-05-08

Employment type

Full-Time

Pay grade

18

Union / bargaining unit

Middle Management Association

Pay basis

Hourly

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

1

Work county

Cass

Douglas Schultz holds the role of Nr Area Supervisor Fisheries at Natural Resources Department within Fish-R1 Walker. They have served since 2003 (about 21 years) as a full-time employee. In 2024, their total compensation was $56,412. They are represented by Middle Management Association.