- Base pay
- $103,764
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $450
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,214
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- C
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060304686001
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $104,214
Isabel Raj holds the role of Staff Risk Manager at General Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $104,214. Their bargaining unit is S01.
- Base pay
- $103,764
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $450
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,214
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- I
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3065204800001
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $104,214
Lucinda Winward holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at General Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $104,214. Union affiliation: S01.
- Base pay
- $100,543
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,670
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,213
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- E48
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- S
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,737
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3065074800006
- Salary Total
- $8,475
- Total Pay
- $104,213
Rebecca Uldall is a Staff Services Manager I at General Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $104,213. Their bargaining unit is E48.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $103,764
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $425
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,189
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3081004800018
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $104,189
Tanya Aviles-Medeiros works as a Staff Services Manager I for General Services within Building and Property Management Br. Their status is full-time. Tanya earned $104,189 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is S01.
- Base pay
- $103,764
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $400
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,164
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3067284800011
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $104,164
Jennifer Maestretti works as a Staff Services Manager I for General Services. Their status is full-time. Jennifer earned $104,164 in 2025. Union affiliation: S01.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $103,941
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $200
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,141
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S13
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- K
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,925
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3089066695001
- Salary Total
- $8,657
- Total Pay
- $104,141
Richard Godfrey works as a Chief Engineer II for General Services within Building and Property Management Br. Their status is full-time. Richard earned $104,141 in 2025. Union affiliation: S13.
- Base pay
- $103,764
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $275
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,039
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- J
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3061174800001
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $104,039
At General Services, Scott Connell serves as a Staff Services Manager I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $104,039. Union affiliation: S01.
Martins HendaInformation Technology Specialist I/General Services
- Base pay
- $103,451
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $104,001
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- K
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,174
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721402128
- Salary Total
- $8,899
- Total Pay
- $104,001
Martins Henda holds the role of Information Technology Specialist I at General Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $104,001. Their bargaining unit is R01.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $103,799
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $200
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,999
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R13
- Work county
- Sacramento
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,171
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3080666698004
- Salary Total
- $8,761
- Total Pay
- $103,999
Nikolay Deshevenko holds the role of Chief Engineer I at General Services within Building and Property Management Br. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,999. Their bargaining unit is R13.
- Base pay
- $100,198
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,770
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,968
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,650
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3062714800030
- Salary Total
- $8,650
- Total Pay
- $103,968
Kimberly Borden is a Staff Services Manager I at General Services. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $103,968. They are represented by S01.
Harrison OrrInformation Technology Supervisor II/General Services
- Base pay
- $100,555
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,385
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,940
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- M
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,106
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721404012
- Salary Total
- $8,833
- Total Pay
- $103,940
At General Services, Harrison Orr serves as a Information Technology Supervisor II. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,940. Union affiliation: S01.
- Base pay
- $87,892
- Overtime
- $15,466
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,908
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Los Angeles
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,547
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3066595393006
- Salary Total
- $7,321
- Total Pay
- $103,908
Maryjosephine Norrington works as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst for General Services. Their status is full-time. Maryjosephine earned $103,908 in 2025. Their bargaining unit is R01.
- Base pay
- $103,764
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $50
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,814
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3062714800031
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $103,814
Martin Sandoval holds the role of Staff Services Manager I at General Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,814. Their bargaining unit is S01.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $103,579
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $200
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,779
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R13
- Work county
- Los Angeles
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,498
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3083406698001
- Salary Total
- $9,108
- Total Pay
- $103,779
Rene Camberos holds the role of Chief Engineer I at General Services within Building and Property Management Br. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,779. They are represented by R13.
Kenneth LydonAssociate Printing Plant Superintendent/General Services
- Sub-department
- Office of State Publishing
- Base pay
- $68,253
- Overtime
- $5,436
- Other pay
- $30,082
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,771
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S14
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,055
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3074007222002
- Salary Total
- $8,304
- Total Pay
- $103,771
At General Services, Kenneth Lydon serves as a Associate Printing Plant Superintendent within Office of State Publishing. They work full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $103,771. Their bargaining unit is S14.
- Base pay
- $100,095
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,670
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,765
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- E
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,906
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3062434542004
- Salary Total
- $8,639
- Total Pay
- $103,765
At General Services, Meghan C Starr serves as a Accounting Administrator II. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,765. They are represented by S01.
Ronald KoepplInformation Technology Specialist II/General Services
- Base pay
- $103,023
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $650
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,673
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- S
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,908
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721414032
- Salary Total
- $8,908
- Total Pay
- $103,673
At General Services, Ronald Koeppl serves as a Information Technology Specialist II. They work full-time. Their 2024 pay totaled $103,673. They are represented by R01.
Brian ClarkInformation Technology Specialist II/General Services
- Base pay
- $103,092
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,642
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,105
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721414019
- Salary Total
- $8,832
- Total Pay
- $103,642
Brian Clark holds the role of Information Technology Specialist II at General Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,642. They are represented by R01.
- Base pay
- $99,861
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,720
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,581
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,929
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721404016
- Salary Total
- $8,661
- Total Pay
- $103,581
David Porrazzo is a Information Technology Supervisor II at General Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $103,581. Union affiliation: S01.
Eric PonSenior Structural Engineer/General Services
- Sub-department
- Office of State Architect
- Base pay
- $99,611
- Overtime
- $316
- Other pay
- $3,626
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,553
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R09
- Work county
- Alameda
- Middle name
- W
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $11,969
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 7181053336023
- Salary Total
- $12,160
- Total Pay
- $103,553
Eric Pon holds the role of Senior Structural Engineer at General Services within Office of State Architect. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,553. Union affiliation: R09.
- Base pay
- $102,963
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,513
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,057
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721414035
- Salary Total
- $8,785
- Total Pay
- $103,513
At General Services, Vidya Deepak Kulkarni serves as a Information Technology Specialist II. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,513. Their bargaining unit is R01.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $103,216
- Overtime
- $74
- Other pay
- $200
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,490
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S13
- Work county
- Sacramento
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,925
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3081906695002
- Salary Total
- $8,757
- Total Pay
- $103,490
Manveer Singh works as a Chief Engineer II for General Services within Building and Property Management Br. Their status is full-time. Manveer earned $103,490 in 2025. Union affiliation: S13.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $99,666
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,660
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,325
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R13
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- G
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,707
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3081066712025
- Salary Total
- $8,308
- Total Pay
- $103,325
James Smith holds the role of Stationary Engineer at General Services within Building and Property Management Br. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,325. Union affiliation: R13.
- Base pay
- $99,641
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,670
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,311
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- E48
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- L
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,909
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060314800010
- Salary Total
- $8,642
- Total Pay
- $103,311
Allison Kenngott is a Staff Services Manager I at General Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $103,311. They are represented by E48.
- Base pay
- $99,641
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,670
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,311
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- G
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,909
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3061154800001
- Salary Total
- $8,642
- Total Pay
- $103,311
Kenneth Wong is a Staff Services Manager I at General Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $103,311. Their bargaining unit is S01.
- Sub-department
- Office of State Architect
- Base pay
- $99,653
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,595
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,248
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- T
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,874
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 7195094717005
- Salary Total
- $8,608
- Total Pay
- $103,248
At General Services, Claudia Rankin serves as a State Facilities Manager I within Office of State Architect. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,248. Union affiliation: S01.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $101,413
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $1,820
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,233
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S09
- Work county
- Los Angeles
- Middle name
- E
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,665
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3089824036002
- Salary Total
- $8,665
- Total Pay
- $103,233
At General Services, Arthur Hatfield serves as a Direct Construction Supervisor I within Building and Property Management Br. They work full-time. Their 2023 pay totaled $103,233. Their bargaining unit is S09.
- Base pay
- $102,676
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,226
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,106
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721402048
- Salary Total
- $8,833
- Total Pay
- $103,226
At General Services, Justin Fahndrich serves as a Information Technology Specialist I. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,226. They are represented by R01.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $103,148
- Overtime
- $19
- Other pay
- $0
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,168
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S09
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- M
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $10,108
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3089804038001
- Salary Total
- $9,805
- Total Pay
- $103,168
At General Services, Jeremy Mcghee serves as a Direct Construction Supervisor II within Building and Property Management Br. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,168. Union affiliation: S09.
- Sub-department
- Office of State Architect
- Base pay
- $102,588
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,138
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,910
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 7195034800001
- Salary Total
- $8,643
- Total Pay
- $103,138
At General Services, Kathleen Swope-Navasero serves as a Staff Services Manager I within Office of State Architect. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,138. Union affiliation: S01.
Dalzin GillStaff Services Manager II (Supervisory)/General Services
- Base pay
- $99,515
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,620
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,135
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Sacramento
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,718
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3061244801001
- Salary Total
- $8,456
- Total Pay
- $103,135
Dalzin Gill works as a Staff Services Manager II (Supervisory) for General Services. Their status is full-time. Dalzin earned $103,135 in 2025. They are represented by S01.
Robert CarterAssociate Printing Plant Superintendent/General Services
- Sub-department
- Office of State Publishing
- Base pay
- $96,625
- Overtime
- $3,358
- Other pay
- $3,120
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,103
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S14
- Work county
- Yolo
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,297
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3072007222005
- Salary Total
- $8,048
- Total Pay
- $103,103
Robert Carter holds the role of Associate Printing Plant Superintendent at General Services within Office of State Publishing. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $103,103. Their bargaining unit is S14.
- Sub-department
- Building and Property Management Br
- Base pay
- $101,664
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $1,375
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,039
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S12
- Work county
- San Joaquin
- Middle name
- D
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,652
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3080566673001
- Salary Total
- $8,825
- Total Pay
- $103,039
Cesar Garza is a Office Building Manager II at General Services within Building and Property Management Br. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $103,039. They are represented by S12.
- Sub-department
- Office of State Architect
- Base pay
- $89,972
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $13,042
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $103,014
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- D
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $7,547
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 7191065393002
- Salary Total
- $7,321
- Total Pay
- $103,014
At General Services, Timothy Schnaars serves as a Associate Governmental Program Analyst within Office of State Architect. They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $103,014. Their bargaining unit is R01.
- Sub-department
- Office of State Publishing
- Base pay
- $99,515
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,395
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $102,910
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- G
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,718
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3071004800001
- Salary Total
- $8,456
- Total Pay
- $102,910
Brian Allen works as a Staff Services Manager I for General Services within Office of State Publishing. Their status is full-time. Brian earned $102,910 in 2025. Union affiliation: S01.
- Base pay
- $47,055
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $55,814
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $102,869
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- A
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,084
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3062714801014
- Salary Total
- $9,084
- Total Pay
- $102,869
Araceli Aguirre is a Staff Services Manager II (Supervisory) at General Services. They work full-time. 2024 total compensation came to $102,869. They are represented by S01.
Duane WestStaff Services Manager II (Supervisory)/General Services
- Base pay
- $102,285
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $102,835
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Sacramento
- Middle name
- R
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,873
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3061124801001
- Salary Total
- $8,607
- Total Pay
- $102,835
Duane West is a Staff Services Manager II (Supervisory) at General Services. They work full-time. 2025 total compensation came to $102,835. Their bargaining unit is S01.
Andres TeranInformation Technology Specialist I/General Services
- Base pay
- $102,255
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $102,805
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
- Middle name
- R
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,106
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3060721402085
- Salary Total
- $8,833
- Total Pay
- $102,805
Andres Teran holds the role of Information Technology Specialist I at General Services. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $102,805. Union affiliation: R01.
- Base pay
- $99,112
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $3,670
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $102,782
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- S01
- Work county
- Yolo
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $8,718
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 3062484549001
- Salary Total
- $8,456
- Total Pay
- $102,782
At General Services, Devinderpal Kaur serves as a Accounting Administrator I (Supervisor). They work full-time. Their 2025 pay totaled $102,782. They are represented by S01.
Robert SinexSenior Real Estate Officer (Specialist)/General Services
- Sub-department
- Office of State Architect
- Base pay
- $102,174
- Overtime
- $0
- Other pay
- $550
- Benefits
- $0
- Total compensation
- $102,724
- Employment type
- Full-Time
- Union / bargaining unit
- R01
- Work county
- Yolo
Source-specific fields
- Base Pay
- $9,498
- Cs/csu
- Cs
- Position Number
- 7195039602008
- Salary Total
- $9,213
- Total Pay
- $102,724
Robert Sinex holds the role of Senior Real Estate Officer (Specialist) at General Services within Office of State Architect. Their status is full-time. In 2025, their total compensation was $102,724. Their bargaining unit is R01.